Showing papers by "Izabela Hrynko published in 2012"

Pesticide residues in raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) and dietary risk assessment

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the residues of 140 pesticides in raspberries from north-eastern Poland (2005-2010). Gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD) was used. Among the 128 samples, 66 (51.6%) were found to detect residues: 14.1% contained one pesticide and around 38% multiple pesticide residues. The most frequently detected were pyrimethanil residues (36.0%). Twenty-seven (21.1%) raspberry samples exceeded the maximum residue limits. The estimated daily intakes ranged from 0.003% to 3.183% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for adults 0.008% and 9.7% for toddlers, respectively. The most critical case is procymidone, the acute risk was 180.9% of acute reference dose (ARfD) for toddlers and for adults (83% of ARfD) which is high.

Comparison of extraction techniques by matrix solid phase dispersion and liquid-liquid for screening 150 pesticides from soil, and determination by gas chromatography

Abstract: Interest in the determination and screening of pesticide residues in soil is caused by widespread use of chemical pesticides in agriculture, which increase soil contamination. Two extraction techniques, matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of residual pesticides (acaricides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) from soil were compared. Advantages and disadvantages of both approaches were discussed. Pesticides from different chemical classes (organohalogen, organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, strobilurines, triazoles) were quantified by GC with a dual system detection – electron capture (EC) and/or nitrogen-phosphorus (NP). The MSPD was validated by comparing it with conventional LLE. Recovery studies were carried out at three levels: 1) ranged between 0.005-0.05 mg/kg, 2) 0.05-0.5 mg/kg, and 3) 0.25-2.5 mg/kg and average recoveries obtained for these compounds ranged from 72.4 to 120% for MSPD and 70.6-120% for LLE with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 20%. Both methods were linear over the range assayed, 0.005-2.5 mg/kg. The uncertainties of the analytical methods were lower than 25.6% and 30%, with and without recovery correction, respectively. The rapid and practical MSPD technique has found a particular application in determining 147 pesticide residues of different physicochemical properties in soil with satisfactory validation parameters. The study estimated that MSPD has significant advantages over LLE because, coupled with simultaneous stage of purification, it allowed for a radical reduction time of analysis and its cost. MSPD fulfilled the requirements of multiresidue techniques. The method is reliable and can be useful for routine monitoring in soil.

Health risk analysis of pesticide residues in berry fruit from north-eastern Poland

Abstract: ABSTRACT The first aim of this paper was to evaluate pesticide residue levels of berry fruit samples. The second aim was to analyze health risks associated with pesticide levels. The monitoring was conducted on samples from producers in north-eastern Poland, during the time period 2005-2010. In total, 241 samples of berry fruit were analyzed using validated and accredited multi residue methods. The studies included 7 commodities (125 strawberry, 59 black currant, 25 raspberry, 23 chokeberry, 7 red currant samples and one sample of elderberry and wild strawberry), and the analysis of 128 pesticides. Residues, mainly insecticides, were found in 47.7% of samples while 40.7% of samples contained pesticide residues below MRLs and 7% above MRLs. The pesticides were found most often in red currant (100%) and black currant (63%) samples. The most frequently detected pesticides were fenazaquin and fenitrothion. Pesticide residues at levels exceeding legally binding MRLs occurred mostly in black currant samples (12 samples). Violations of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) (15 notifications) and use of a forbidden plant protection product (8 notifications) were found in twenty-three berry samples during the six-year study. For these cases, the RASFF system (rapid alert system for food and feed) procedures were initiated. The highest number of notifications was recorded in 2008 (11 notifications). Only one of the notifications was prepared for berry fruit from an integrated production system − black currant, the remaining were for conventional fruit. Among the RASFF notifications, 17 (74%) were for black currant samples. The estimated exposure to pesticide residues detected in the analyzed berry fruit samples was shown to be very low for the general population (adults) and for the critical population of small children. Acute and chronic exposure based on residue levels did not adversely affect consumer health. STRESZCZENIE Celem pracy była ocena poziomów pozostałości środków ochrony roślin w próbkach owoców jagodowych z obowiązującymi przepisami oraz analiza ryzyka dla zdrowia konsumentów. Badania obejmowały próbki pochodzące z północnowschodniej Polski, które wykonywano w ramach urzędowej kontroli w latach 2005- 2010. Przebadano 241 próbek owoców jagodowych (125 próbek truskawek, 59 − porzeczek czarnych, 25 − malin, 23 − aronii, 7 − porzeczek czerwonych i po jednej próbce bzu czarnego i poziomek). Pozostałości pestycydów, głównie insektycydów, wykryto w 47,7% próbek, z czego 40,7% z pozostałościami poniżej NDP, a 7% powyżej NDP. Najczęściej wykrywano fenazachinę i fenitrotion. Przekroczenia NDP dotyczyły głównie próbek porzeczki czarnej (12 próbek). Procedurę RASFF (Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed) w trakcie sześcioletnich badań wszczęto w dwudziestu trzech przypadkach, tylko raz dla próbek z produkcji integrowanej (flusilazol), w pozostałych przypadkach dotyczyły owoców wyprodukowanych w sadach konwencjonalnych. Nie stwierdzono niezgodności dla owoców ekologicznych. Powiadomienia przesłano ze względu na przekroczenia najwyższego dopuszczalnego poziomu pozostałości (NDP) (15 zgłoszeń) oraz stosowania niedozwolonych środków ochrony roślin (8 zgłoszeń). Największą liczbę powiadomień odnotowano w 2008 roku, w większości dla próbek porzeczki czarnej - 17 powiadomień (74% wszystkich zgłoszeń RASFF). Najczęściej zgłoszenia RASFF dotyczyły insektycydów (70%), to jest fenazachiny i fenitrotionu. Oszacowane ryzyko narażenia dla populacji generalnej (dorośli) i populacji krytycznej tzn. małych dzieci na pozostałości środków ochrony roślin wykazało, że jest ono stosunkowo niskie. W omawianym okresie nie stwierdzono produktów z owocami jagód, których spożycie mogło mieć negatywne skutki zdrowotne.

Pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables from north‐eastern Poland (2008–2011)Pozostałości środków ochrony roślin w owocach i warzywach z północno‐wschodniej Polski (2008–2011)

Abstract: Summary This paper presents the results of pesticide residues research in fruit and vegetables from the north‐eastern Poland. During four‐ year testing (2008–2011), totally 813 samples in the 43 products were analysed. From searched 152 active substances covered by the research program 39 pesticides were detected, mainly fungicides – 77.7%. Pesticide residues were detected mostly among in fruit samples (65.6%), especially in apple samples (50.3%). 31.9% (259) samples contained pesticide residues below the maximum residue levels while 4.3% (35) of tested sample exceeding MRLs. The use of non‐approved pesticides were stated in 2.7% of tested samples.

Pozostałości środków ochrony roślin w płodach rolnych (rok 2011)

Abstract: Summary In 2011, a total of 977 samples of domestic crops were tested in the official control of pesticide residues carried out by the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute. The samples were taken randomly by the staff of Plant Health and Seed Inspection at production sites in the whole country. The monitoring programme covered 230 compounds and 38 products. 126 samples of fruit, 484 samples of vegetables, 346 samples of cereals and 21 samples belonging to other products groups were analysed. Residues of 43 compounds were detected in 21.7% of the samples. Violations of MRLs were found in 0.6% of analysed samples, while the unauthorised plant protection product use in 2.5% of samples tested. Pesticide residues were detected in 58.7% of fruit samples, 23.8% of vegetable samples and 4.9% of cereal samples and in 28.6% of other samples. They were found most often in samples of apples (60.5%), tomatoes (52.6%), sweet peppers (50.0%) and carrots (42.1%). Most of the residues detected in twenty five commodities were fungicides and insecticides, and their percentages from 335 findings were equal respectively to 63.9% and 32.5%. The most commonly found were residues of chlorothalonil in tomatoes (31.6%), chlorpyrifos in carrots (28.9%), prochloraz in mushrooms (26.1%), and dithiocarbamates in apples (25.4%), potatoes (24.2%) and tomatoes (21.1%).

Pozostałości środków ochrony roślin w owocach i warzywach z północno-wschodniej Polski (2008-2011)

Abstract: Summary This paper presents the results of pesticide residues research in fruit and vegetables from the north‐eastern Poland. During four‐ year testing (2008–2011), totally 813 samples in the 43 products were analysed. From searched 152 active substances covered by the research program 39 pesticides were detected, mainly fungicides – 77.7%. Pesticide residues were detected mostly among in fruit samples (65.6%), especially in apple samples (50.3%). 31.9% (259) samples contained pesticide residues below the maximum residue levels while 4.3% (35) of tested sample exceeding MRLs. The use of non‐approved pesticides were stated in 2.7% of tested samples.

Optimization of MSPD extraction technique in pesticide residue analysis in herbs

Abstract: The widespread use of pesticides to protect crops makes the control of residues has become a necessity. The aim of this work was optimization of matrix solid phase dispersion MSPD (matrix solid phase dispersion) extraction technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in herbs. The study was carried out taking into account different parameters: sample weight, sorbent, extracting solvents and sorbents for clean-up step. The optimum parameters were 2 g of sample with 4 g of florisil as a sorbent. Extraction was carried out on column chromatography. The pesticides were extracted by acetone/methanol (9:1, v/v) mixture. For clean up SPE octadecyl columns (C18 500 mg/3 ml) were used. Optimized MSPD method was validated by fortification of lungwort (Pulmonaria L.) blank samples with 146 active substances. Under optimized conditions the obtained recoveries of fortified samples at three concentration levels (0.005; 0.1; 0.5 mg/kg) were in the range 75.3–107.5% with relative standard deviation RSD ≤ 19% for most of the analyzed compounds.

Optimization of MSPD extraction technique in pesticide residue analysis in herbsOptymalizacja ekstrakcyjnej techniki MSPD w analizie pozostałości pestycydów w ziołach

Abstract: Summary The widespread use of pesticides to protect crops makes the control of residues has become a necessity. The aim of this work was optimization of matrix solid phase dispersion MSPD (matrix solid phase dispersion) extraction technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in herbs. The study was carried out taking into account different parameters: sample weight, sorbent, extracting solvents and sorbents for clean-up step. The optimum parameters were 2 g of sample with 4 g of florisil as a sorbent. Extraction was carried out on column chromatography. The pesticides were extracted by acetone/methanol (9:1, v/v) mixture. For clean up SPE octadecyl columns (C18 500 mg/3 ml) were used. Optimized MSPD method was validated by fortification of lungwort (Pulmonaria L.) blank samples with 146 active substances. Under optimized conditions the obtained recoveries of fortified samples at three concentration levels (0.005; 0.1; 0.5 mg/kg) were in the range 75.3–107.5% with relative standard deviation RSD ≤ 19% for most of the analyzed compounds.