Water quality and phytoplankton structure changes under the influence of effective microorganisms (EM) and barley straw – Lake restoration case study

Storing livestock manure is the primary stage of manure management where microbial processes and chemical reactions result in the release of methane (CH), nitrous oxide (NO), ammonia (NH), and carbon dioxide (CO). This study examined the reduction of CH emissions from slurry storage under two temperatures (cool [10°C] and warm [30°C]) when a glucose-rich substrate (brewing sugar) and activated effective microorganisms were applied at 10% (w/w) and 5% (v/w), respectively. Brewing sugar addition influenced microbial anaerobic respiration, resulting in a reduction of slurry pH to <5.0, through "self-acidification" caused by lactic acid production. Subsequently, CH emissions were significantly reduced by 87 and 99% in the cool and warm environments, respectively. The effective microorganism treatment did not change the chemical characteristics of the slurry but reduced CH emissions by 17 and 27% ( < 0.05) in the cool and warm environments, respectively. These results suggest that self-acidification after addition of a carbon source may be a promising alternative to slurry acidification using concentrated acids.

Reduction of Methane Emission during Slurry Storage by the Addition of Effective Microorganisms and Excessive Carbon Source from Brewing Sugar

The biologic treatment process using effective microorganisms (EM) in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for primary settled wastewater treatment was investigated. Activated EM was formed from raw EM to increase its efficiency by ensuring that the microorganisms were in an exponential phase of growth. A bench-scale ASBR (volume 2.6 l) was seeded with activated EM and the characteristics of the influent and effluent wastewater were investigated under different temperatures and reaction times. This system achieved good removal efficiency for all the analyzed parameters. The removal efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble COD, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, and total phosphorus increased with increasing reaction time and temperature, and reached 72.1%, 61.5%, 75.7%, 80.9%, 50.4%, and 62.5% respectively, at a reaction time of 24 h and at 35 °C. The system showed good removal of total coliform and salmonella and a reduction in ammonia and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Biogas can also be obtained using this system. Keywords : Anaerobic treatment; ASBR; Effective microorganisms; Pathogens; Wastewater treatment

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Treatment of Primary Settled Wastewater Using Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor Seeded with Activated EM

This paper presents a review of previous researches
related to the influence of incorporating Effective Microorganism
(EM) into the cement based material. The aspects of cement
hydration, its chemical phases and microstructure examination
on cement based materials containing EM product and EM nonproduct
are reviewed. The potential of using EM to enhance the
properties of cement based materials had attracted attention of
researchers. It appeared that most researchers used the
combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with one or
more instruments of Electron Disperse X-Ray (EDX), Energy
Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) or Energy Disperse X-ray
Analyzer (EDAX) to determine the chemical constituents on the
selected spectrum on image of SEM. Meanwhile, X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) used to
determine the chemical constituent, element composition and
identify phases formed during the hydration of cement. It can be
concluded that SEM image containing microbes shows the
presence of crystalline calcium carbonate with a rhombohedra
and long structures shape due to the bacterial activity. It had
been confirmed with the peak of calcite in one of the results of
XRD, EDX, EDS, EDAX.

The cement hydration, chemical phases and its microstructural examination of microbed cement based material

Rainfall occurs frequently in South China and results in recurring of drainage/discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus-rich water from paddy fields, which may cause serious non-point source pollution of receiving waters such as rivers. Moreover, time intervals between individual rainfall events are short (often only several days). Thus, not only is the treatment of discharge water needed, but a more rapid form of treatment is desired as well. On the basis of the literature, constructed wetlands could remove nitrogen and phosphorous from paddy field drainage/outflow, and effective microorganisms (EM) could also be added to enhance the removals. A field experiment was conducted to demonstrate the wetland effectiveness and EM enhancement. The experiment was conducted from June to October in 2016. By applying EM to constructed wetlands, after 8 days, concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 −-N), and total phosphorus (TP) were reduced by 88%, 91%, 89%, and 50%, respectively. Within the first 4 days, TN and TP concentrations were reduced by 78% and 40%, respectively, with EM application, in comparison to 50% and 20%, respectively, without EM application, representing additional respective reductions of 28% and 20% by applying EM. The results from the field experiment indicated a significant improvement of phosphorus and nitrogen removals by applying effective microorganisms.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/9/2443/pdf

Enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal by applying effective microorganisms to constructed wetlands

Effective Microorganisms (EM), a culture of Â  coexisting Â  beneficial microorganism predominantly consisting of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, fermenting fungi and actinomycetes that are claimed to enhance microbial turnover in soil and thus known increase soil macronutrients and increases plant growth and yield. and treatment of sewages or effluents. In the present study the EM formulation was evaluated for reduction of of Alkalinity, Total dissolved solids, Biological oxygen demand, and Chemical oxygen demand of domestic sewage under standard condition. Â  All the parameters that were tested showed distinct reduction. But total hetrototropic bacterial and yeast population was increased. No change in fungal and actinomycetes population was recorded.The result of the experiment shows that EM has the potential to improve the effectiveness of treatment of domestic wastes.

J. Arvind Kumar

Papers

Evaluation of Effective Microorganism (EM) for treatment of domestic sewage