(1998). Fragmenting professionalism: Racial identity and the ideology of bleached out lawyering. International Journal of the Legal Profession: Vol. 5, Lawyering for a Fragmented World, pp. 141-173.

Fragmenting professionalism: Racial identity and the ideology of bleached out lawyering

This article draws on more than 600 higher court cases in eight southern states to show that African Americans succeeded in litigating certain kinds of civil cases against white southerners in southern appellate courts between 1865 and 1920. While historians have often concentrated on cases involving issues of race, the much more common, seemingly prosaic civil suits African Americans litigated against whites over transactions, wills, and property also had important implications for race relations. Through these suits, black southerners continued to successfully assert the legal rights they gained during Reconstruction long after Reconstruction had ended. Moreover, I found that black litigants won the majority of civil cases litigated against white southerners in higher state courts – not only during Reconstruction, but, astonishingly, during the post-Reconstruction and Jim Crow eras as well. I examine how the legal system itself, and the varied actions of participants in the legal system, allowed African Americans to litigate, and win, such cases. This article has important implications for our understanding of the judicial system’s relationship with politics and race and for its insights into the role of the courts in African Americans’ centuries-long struggle for rights.

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From slave to litigant: African Americans in court in the postwar south, 1865–1920

African American male professionals continue to be lower in numbers in the workplace across the United States compared to their White counterparts. However, the division of student affairs and student services of higher education institutions continue to serve as a gate way for African American men to serve as administrators. Several higher education institutions and sectors continue to invest in the recruitment and retention for African American male professionals, and research has shown that supervision is the key to employee professional development, performance, and success. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of African American male professionals’ experiences with their supervisors and job satisfaction utilizing the model of synergistic supervision (Winston & Cremer, 1997). The study also explored the extent to which these perceptions differed by supervisor demographics such as; gender, ethnicity, and career level. 106 participants who belong to a leading professional association who are currently early to mid-career professionals working in student affairs or student services from a variety of institutions participated in the study. Findings suggested that African American male professionals were moderately satisfied with the job and several challenges, successes, and strategies emerged that impacted their experience and perceptions of their supervisor. The participants provided insight and strategies for student affairs and student services supervisors, leaders, and managers. ©2015 by Todd C. Jenkins Jr. All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDEMENTS First I would like to thank God for giving me the strength, perseverance, and guidance to contribute to the overall success of this moment of my life. I acknowledge the love and strength I received from my family, my mom, Margaret (Mechelle) Ervin and her husband, Cameron Ervin, my dad, Toddrick Jenkins and his wife, Jennifer Jenkins, my nine brothers, Marquel, Travis, Jaylen, Jordan, Cameron, Carson, Tyrek, Todrek, and only sister, Jabrial, along with the rest of my entire family across the world. I have so much gratitude for my fiancé and soon to be my forever, Ana Aguayo, for your constant encouragement, prayers, blessings, love, sacrifices, and support. Te Amo Bonita! Of course, I can’t forget the Aguayo family for the home cooked meals, love, and accepting me into your family. A special thank you to Dr. Michael Miller, my dissertation committee chair, oh man you really pushed me to the goal and we accomplished it. Words cannot express my humble and sincere thanks to you for challenging and supporting me since day one, personally and professionally. To my committee members, Dr. Charles Robinson and Dr. Stephanie G. Adams, I am blessed to call you both my mentors, thank you for serving to give me feedback, suggestions, support, and advice. I never thought being an inner city kid from Columbia, South Carolina, raised in the projects and a segregated state, I would be here today in Fayetteville, Arkansas writing this sentence and earning a terminal degree. However, I must tell you with being raised by a strong single mother, loving aunties and cousins, church family, and a few mentors, I am your product. Thank you to my brothers of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., my fellow Rotarians, University of South Carolina, Illinois State University, and University of Arkansas colleagues and family, as well as mentees all around the globe, for your friendship and support. I would like to thank my best friends, Damon Bailey, Candace Johnson, Joe Holt, Brandon “Bsime” Simon, Andre “Dre” Roberts, Derrick Wise, Fred Johnson, Justin Hopkins, and cousin Latoria “Toya” Hall-Williams for always having my back and being there for me. The hometown crew “Degrees to the 5th Power”, Erin Hopkins, Sam Johnson, Paige Fennell, and Lonnesse Williams thanks for your unconditional friendship and support. Lastly, Thanks to all of my colleagues to great friends (my village), Dr. Becka and Dijon DeLaPorte, Chrysalis Grodhuas, Dr. Devan Ford-McCartney, Becky Gleason, Dr. Leslie Bessellieu, MamaPat Singleton-Young, MomClarissa (Jade) Louallen, Mom-Shawna and Troy Moore, MomElla, P.J, and Stacey Lambey, MomTammy (Genny, Erica) Blount, entire Family Life Worship crew (Duron, Kristen, Shena, Goodwyn family, etc.), Christ N U Choir Family (Minister Darryl Izzard, SisErica Abney-Jackson, Mama TJanet and Giana Thompson), Tina VanSteenbergen, Nick Palmer, Ashley Bloxom, Rafael Garcia, Xong Lor, Charity Walker, Suzette Cole, Michelle Guobadia, David Stollman, Rick Lewis, John Davenport, Sharon and Charles Killian, Roy Rom, Paul Reagan, Vicki Lombari, Veronica Moore, Lindsay Vahl, Lauren Leif, Monica Lee Miranda, Dr. Rickey Booker, Dr. Phyllis McCluskey-Titus, and Angela Davenport, for continually serving as listening ears, cheerleaders, and entertaining my bowtie philosophy and crazy ideas. The number of people who have touched my life throughout the years is too innumerable to list. Just know I have met some awesome people from all around the world in my life and it is hard to name every single one in this moment, however thanks to you all! DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my family, friends, and entire higher education family of students, colleagues, and faculty who continue to be a part of the light in the midst of the darkness. To encourage me to keep climbing and pulling others up as I go. To fully understand through exposure, best practices, and education is it not about what you want to be but who you want to be. This dissertation is dedicated to all my lost loved ones who left too soon, may you continue to smile upon me, and rest in paradise. Also, I dedicate this dissertation to current and future brother and sisters in the field, Freddrick Douglas said it best, “without struggle there is no

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What Keeps Us Here? Perceptions of Workplace Supervision among African American Men in Student Affairs

In order to understand the experiences of Black women prosecutors, researchers have to understand the manner in which Black women experience oppression in their law careers. Intersectionality theory explores these unique layers of oppression Black women could experience. In this study, I desire to understand how Black women prosecutors navigate these oppressive factors within their law careers. Many Black women prosecutors have experiences in spaces where they are gender and/or racial minorities. The research explores how these women experience and respond to their experiences in their workplace and if they believe, as prosecutors that they can be advocates to the Black community. This study contributes to research on the perspectives of Black women in law careers and intersectionality theory to Black studies. INDEX WORDS: Black women, Prosecutors, American Law, Intersectionality, Race and Gender PROSECUTORS UNDER PERSECUTION: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF BLACK WOMEN PROSECUTORS

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J. Clay Smith join(

Papers

Not Only the Judges' Robes Were Black: African-American Lawyers as Social Engineers