Biofilm is a complex structure of microbiome having different bacterial colonies or single type of cells in a group; adhere to the surface. These cells are embedded in extracellular polymeric substances, a matrix which is generally composed of eDNA, proteins and polysaccharides, showed high resistance to antibiotics. It is one of the major causes of infection persistence especially in nosocomial settings through indwelling devices. Quorum sensing plays an important role in regulating the biofilm formation. There are many approaches being used to control infections by suppressing its formation but CRISPR-CAS (gene editing technique) and photo dynamic therapy (PDT) are proposed to be used as therapeutic approaches to subside bacterial biofim infections, especially caused by deadly drug resistant bad bugs.

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Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities

Two widely applied spectrophotometric assays based on aluminium complex formation used for determination of total flavonoid content in food or medicinal plant samples were examined for several compounds from different classes of flavonoid family. The method which involves the measurement at 410–430 nm after addition of AlCl3 solution is selective only for flavonols and flavones luteolin. The procedure in the presence of NaNO2 in alkaline medium seems to be specific for rutin, luteolin and catechins, but also phenolic acids exhibit considerable absorbance at 510 nm. Application of both procedures to natural samples gave different order in terms of their flavonoid content. Thus, the expression “total flavonoid” content is not adequate as the results of both methods are dependent on the structure of the individual flavonoids present.

/pdf/evaluation-of-aluminium-complexation-reaction-for-flavonoid-4zt5xu2ncw.pdf

Evaluation of Aluminium Complexation Reaction for Flavonoid Content Assay

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of highly reactive molecules derived from the metabolism of oxygen. ROS, including superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide molecules are often generated as by products of biological reactions or from exogenous factors. There is extensive evidence to involve ROS in the development of degenerative diseases. Evidence suggests that compounds especially from natural sources are capable of providing protection against free radicals. This has attracted a great deal of research interest in natural antioxidants. It is necessary to Screen out medicinal plants for their antioxidant potential. Therefore an attempt has been made to review different in vitro models for estimating antioxidant properties of natural products from medicinal plants. All the models are described along with the different standards that can be used for estimation. In the end, a large number of plants showing in vitro antioxidant activity are listed but in vivostudies are lacking. 

	 

	Key words: Antioxidant assay, in vitro models, antioxidant medicinal plants.

In vitro models for antioxidant activity evaluation and some medicinal plants possessing antioxidant properties: An overview

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of aqueous extract from Choerospondias axillaris fruit

Polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and enzymatic activity of liver from goats supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves/sunflower seed cake.

J. D. Gómez

Papers

Antioxidant activities of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz extracts

Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia aroma gill. ex hook et arn