Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separations

The Maxwell-Stefan approach to mass transfer

http://inis.jinr.ru/sl/m_mathematics/mn_numerical methods/mnd_numerical calculus/allgower e.l., georg k. introduction to numerical continuation methods (colorado, 1990)(397s).pdf

Numerical Continuation Methods

Test functions are important to validate and compare the performance of optimization algorithms. There have been many test or benchmark functions reported in the literature; however, there is no standard list or set of benchmark functions. Ideally, test functions should have diverse properties so that can be truly useful to test new algorithms in an unbiased way. For this purpose, we have reviewed and compiled a rich set of 175 benchmark functions for unconstrained optimization problems with diverse properties in terms of modality, separability, and valley landscape. This is by far the most complete set of functions so far in the literature, and tt can be expected this complete set of functions can be used for validation of new optimization in the future.

A Literature Survey of Benchmark Functions For Global Optimization Problems

Techno-economic analysis of autotrophic microalgae for fuel production

Catalysis of ablation reactions between char and reinforcement.

The behavior of three additives, Cr2O3, Fe, and Fe2O3, incorporated into the resin phase of a typical phenolic-silica charring-ablatiye material, was investigated. The performance, as indicated by the over-all char depth, of additive-cont aining ablators relative to that of identically fabricated control material was evaluated during exposure to two different environments, provided by an arc-imaging furnace and by a small hybrid rocket motor employing polymethylmethacrylate/oxygen propellants. Important improvements in ablator performance were observed, particularly in the more extreme hybrid-rocket-motor tests. Char samples were examined by means of scanning-electron microscopy. Composites containing Cr2O3 exhibited the least reduction in char depth. The Cr2O3 particles did not appear to interact appreciably with either carbon or silica during exposure in the rocket motor. The effect of Fe was an over-all char-depth reduction of about 10%. Microscopically observed interactions between the Fe phase and silica were highly supportive of a mechanism of silica reduction by carbon dissolved in iron, as postulated. The largest reduction in the char depth, ranging up to 30%, was observed in composites containing Fe2O3. Results of microscopic examinations were consistent with the hypothesis that the decrease in char depth was due mainly to heat absorption by endothermic reduction of iron oxides. Nomenclature Kp = chemical equilibrium constant based on partial pressures N = mole fraction p = partial pressure a = activity y = activity coefficient AH = heat of reaction

Effect of additives on ablation of phenolic-silica composites.

Separate stripping (14) and rectifying (16) sections are arranged in tandem, each section being segregated into a plurality of vapor liquid contact stages (24-32, 34-42). The rectifying section (16) is operated at a higher temperature than the stripping section (14) by compressing (66) vapor from the stripping section (14) prior to introducing the vapor into the rectifying section (16). Thermal energy is conserved during the distillation process by transferring thermal energy from the rectifying section (16) to the stripping section (14) with a plurality of heat pipes (84-87).

Continuous distillation apparatus and method of operation

Regenerative cooling of rocket engines considering heat transfer, chamber wall, coolant tube and pressure drop

J. D. Seader

Papers

Catalysis of ablation reactions between char and reinforcement.

Effect of additives on ablation of phenolic-silica composites.

Continuous distillation apparatus and method of operation

Regenerative cooling of rocket engines.

Similarity Analysis for the Surface Ablation of Silica-Reinforced Composites