J.H. Bame

TL;DR: Six-day-old non-surgically recovered bovine ova/embryos have been used to evaluate compensable and uncompensable seminal deficiencies as well as to test reproductive strategies, allowing the separation of reproductive failure by fertilization from that by embryonic development.

TL;DR: Results indicate Artificial insemination 12 h after the onset of estrus provides a compromise between potential fertilization failure (AI 0 h) and embryo failure (ai 24 h), despite increased accessory sperm per embryo (ovum) after AI 24 h.

TL;DR: It is concluded that efforts to improve accessory sperm numbers per embryo or ovum failed and that high variation and skewness of accessory sperm toward 0 may make median values more meaningful than means.

TL;DR: Bulls varied in the type of abnormal spermatozoa produced and in magnitude of response; however, specific abnormalities appeared in ejaculates in a predictable chronological sequence following scrotal insulation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that morphologically abnormal spermatozoa are excluded from the accessory sperm population based upon severity of head shape distortion.