In this paper, some of the historical developments and recent advances in understanding welding induced residual stresses and distortions are discussed in the context of their impact on today's engineering applications. With recent rapid advances in computational simulation techniques, the complex thermomechanical phenomena associated with typical welding processes can be effectively dissected into solvable problem sets for both fundamental understanding and specific engineering applications. Although a great deal of research is currently still ongoing to advance our fundamental understanding of the complex thermophysical and thermomechanical phenomena, an engineering perspective is provided to demonstrate how an engineer can make use of the current state of knowledge to derive effective practical solutions when dealing with day to day problems in the areas of residual stresses and distortions in welded structures. First, some of the fundamental mechanical considerations associated with residual s...

Residual stresses and distortions in welded structures: a perspective for engineering applications

Micromechanical model of the high temperature cyclic behavior of 9–12%Cr martensitic steels

Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel finds increasing application in power plant construction because of its excellent high-temperature properties While it has been shown to be weldable and resistant to all types of cracking in the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ), the achievement of optimum weld metal properties has often caused concern The design of appropriate welding consumables is important in this regard In the present work, plates of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel were welded with three different filler materials: standard 9Cr-1Mo steel, modified 9Cr-1Mo, and nickel-base alloy Inconel 182 Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) was carried out at 730 and 760 °C for periods of 2 and 6 h The joints were characterized in detail by metallography Hardness, tensile properties, and Charpy toughness were evaluated Among the three filler materials used, although Inconel 182 resulted in high weld metal toughness, the strength properties were too low Between modified and standard 9Cr-1Mo, the former led to superior hardness and strength in all conditions However, with modified 9Cr-1Mo, fusion zone toughness was low and an acceptable value could be obtained only after PWHT for 6 h at 760 °C The relatively poor toughness was correlated to the occurrence of local regions of untransformed ferrite in the microstructure

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weld Fusion Zones in Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/52493122/Study_on_the_Effect_of_Post_Weld_Heat_Treatment.pdf

J Keltjens

Papers

Pressure Vessels and Piping