The agricultural and industrial uses of solar heat are reviewed in this chapter. Constraints are discussed in terms of the temperatures required for particular applications and critical factors influencing economic viability. The desired properties of both water and air heating solar collectors are outlined together with the attributes of specific collector types that render each to have particularly suitable applications. The full range of principal system component layouts for solar industrial process heat applications is presented and the operational limits of systems are discussed. System design strategies and methodologies are summarized. A range of specific applications are presented and their current state of development and use discussed; these include solar drying, solar furnaces, greenhouses, heating and ventilation of industrial and agricultural buildings, solar cooking, solar distillation, and solar refrigeration.

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Industrial and Agricultural Applications of Solar Heat

The following report summarizes the actual knowledge concerning aspects of solar energy, that had been specified in the convocation.

Literature Survay in the Field of Primary and Secondary Concentrating Solar Energy Systems Concerning the Choice and Manufacturing Process of Suitable Materials

In this paper global and national energy supply and demand situation are briefly reviewed. Developments leading to the evolution of a national energy policy are discussed. The role of solar energy technology and its emphasis in the National Energy Plan are presented, and the implications of proposed policies related to solar technology are summarized.

Policy implications of solar technology in the national energy plan

Development status of the fixed mirror solar concentrator

The General Atomic Company (GA) Fixed Mirror Solar Concentrator (FMSC) employs a fixed mirror trough that produces a sharp line focus regardless of sun position. The heat receiver, which employs a compound parabolic (Winston) secondary concentrator, is moved in a circular arc to track the focal line. With secondary concentration the FMSC has a theoretical upper concentration limit of 206 suns, and the secondary concentrator makes possible the design of a practical FMSC to efficiently generate steam at modern steam plant operating conditions. Because the mirror trough of the FMSC is stationary, it can be made using low-cost type construction approaches. General Atomic has fabricated FMSC modules of precast concrete and glass mirrors to supply a 260-m/sup 2/ collector field to Sandia Laboratories for their Solar Total Energy Demonstration Facility. These modules were constructed on-site at Sandia using local labor. The combination of concrete substrate and glass mirrors yields a rugged, low-maintenance concentrator that has good potential for low-cost, high volume, on-site construction. Scientific Atlanta, Inc., has developed another construction approach based on supporting the glass mirrors with inexpensive metal stampings. These structures can be quickly assembled in the field.

J. L. Russell

Papers

Development status of the fixed mirror solar concentrator

Fixed mirror solar concentrator for power generation