https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are major public health problems that have not declined appreciably in several decades. One of the first steps to improving the prevention and treatment of STBs is to establish risk factors (i.e., longitudinal predictors). To provide a summary of current knowledge about risk factors, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that have attempted to longitudinally predict a specific STB-related outcome. This included 365 studies (3,428 total risk factor effect sizes) from the past 50 years. The present random-effects meta-analysis produced several unexpected findings: across odds ratio, hazard ratio, and diagnostic accuracy analyses, prediction was only slightly better than chance for all outcomes; no broad category or subcategory accurately predicted far above chance levels; predictive ability has not improved across 50 years of research; studies rarely examined the combined effect of multiple risk factors; risk factors have been homogenous over time, with 5 broad categories accounting for nearly 80% of all risk factor tests; and the average study was nearly 10 years long, but longer studies did not produce better prediction. The homogeneity of existing research means that the present meta-analysis could only speak to STB risk factor associations within very narrow methodological limits-limits that have not allowed for tests that approximate most STB theories. The present meta-analysis accordingly highlights several fundamental changes needed in future studies. In particular, these findings suggest the need for a shift in focus from risk factors to machine learning-based risk algorithms. (PsycINFO Database Record

Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research.

The saimie paper suggests how susceptible individuals could reduce their total intake of aluminium. In presenting the cpidemiological evidence for a link betveen aluminium and Alzheimcr's, Nart'n suggests that although definite proof is still lacking, there is more than enough positixe evidence to fuel further epidemiological investigation. It states that such investigations might specificallx address the issue of the confounding cffect of silicon and an assessment of exposure to spccific

https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/47/6/511.4.full.pdf

Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families

Individual differences in emotional reactivity or affective style can be decomposed into more elementary constituents. Several separable of affective style are identified such as the threshold for reactivity, peak amplitude of response, the rise time to peak and the recovery time. latter two characteristics constitute components of affective chronometry The circuitry that underlies two fundamental forms of motivation and and withdrawal-related processes-is described. Data on differences in functional activity in certain components of these are next reviewed, with an emphasis on the nomological network of surrounding individual differences in asymmetric prefrontal The relevance of such differences for understanding the nature affective dysfunction in affective disorders is then considered. The ends by considering what the prefrontal cortex “does” in certain of affective style and highlights some of the important questions for future research.

Affective Style and Affective Disorders: Perspectives from Affective Neuroscience

A meta-analysis of 51 twin and adoption studies was conducted to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior. The best fitting model included moderate proportions of variance due to additive genetic influences (.32), nonadditive genetic influences (.09), shared environmental influences (.16), and nonshared environmental influences (.43). The magnitude of familial influences (i.e., both genetic and shared environmental influences) was lower in parent-offspring adoption studies than in both twin studies and sibling adoption studies. Operationalization, assessment method, zygosity determination method, and age were significant moderators of the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior, but there were no significant differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences for males and females.

Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies.

Using the Rasch model in nursing research: an introduction and illustrative example.

/pdf/d2-dopamine-receptors-and-personality-traits-4ap3bd0b6p.pdf

D2 dopamine receptors and personality traits

Burnout during nursing education predicts lower occupational preparedness and future clinical performance: A longitudinal study

Early-career burnout among new graduate nurses: a prospective observational study of intra-individual change trajectories.

Psychometric properties, particularly predictive validity, of scales in the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic) were assessed. The analysis is confined to the scales in the QPSNordic, and 24 of the 26 scales are included. A large group of Swedish county council employees (n= 3,976; response rate = 65%) participated in a study and were given the QPSNordic. Register data for long-term sick leave (>90 days), with diagnosis, were used for predictive analysis. The following main results were obtained: Reliability was generally satisfactory, confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit, concurrent validity was good, some less often investigated organizational variables predicted sickness absence, and scales were differentially associated with absence due to psychiatric and musculoskeletal disorders. In conclusion, the psychometric testing of the QPSNordic so far suggests that it is a good instrument for assessing health-related factors at work.

Psychometric properties of scales in the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic): Confirmatory factor analysis and prediction of certified long‐term sickness absence

J. Petter Gustavsson

Papers

Using the Rasch model in nursing research: an introduction and illustrative example.

D2 dopamine receptors and personality traits

Burnout during nursing education predicts lower occupational preparedness and future clinical performance: A longitudinal study

Early-career burnout among new graduate nurses: a prospective observational study of intra-individual change trajectories.

Psychometric properties of scales in the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPSNordic): Confirmatory factor analysis and prediction of certified long‐term sickness absence