Experimental methods and techniques for negative-ion production by surface ionization. Part II. Instrumentation and operation

A radioactive ionization gauge useful in the range of pressures 10-5 to 10 mm of mercury, and its application to the determination of the latent heat of vaporization or sublimation of organic compounds having vapour pressures in the above range up to 200? C, are described. The instrument uses a 0.5 mc sealed radium source for ionization of the vapour and an electrometer amplifier for measuring the ionization currents produced. Values for the latent heats of fourteen compounds are given.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0950-7671/33/10/302/pdf

A radioactive ionization gauge and its application to the measurement of latent heat of vaporization

A method for determining ambient temperature and ambient pressure in the upper atmosphere is described, using the properties of a supersonic flow field surrounding a right circular cone. The underlying fundamentals stem from basic aerodynamic principles as combined with the developments of the aerodynamics of supersonic cones by G. I. Taylor, J. W. Maccoll, and A. H. Stone. The experiment provides the necessary cone pressures, velocities and Eulerian angles, such that a Mach number characterizing the ambient space conditions may be computed. A description is given of the requisite experimental equipment and related techniques. Experimental data from two rocket‐borne equipments are presented with the resulting calculated pressures and temperatures as experienced over New Mexico to approximately 70 kilometers.

/pdf/rocket-measurements-of-upper-atmosphere-ambient-temperature-2sryzy4ni4.pdf

Rocket Measurements of Upper Atmosphere Ambient Temperature and Pressure in the 30‐ to 75‐Kilometer Region

Historically, vacuum technology has played an important part in the development of electron tubes. The operating characteristics of many early devices were dependent on the degree of vacuum obtained. The Roentgen X-ray tube and the Braun cathode-ray tube are examples of these. Improvement in vacuum technology made possible the development of many truly high-vacuum devices in which performance is independent of the inclosed gas pressure. Many modem electronic components no longer operate in a vacuum but are dependent on vacuum technology in their fabrication. These include microminiature circuit elements, cryotrons, photoconductor-electroluminescent devices and ferromagnetic memory systems-all dependent on vacuum evaporated films. Electronic components have also played an important part in the development of modem vacuum technology. These include thermistor gauges, electronic ionization gauges, ion pumps and electronic leak-detection equipment. This paper is devoted to a review of modem ultra-high vacuum systems and the electronic components used in them.

The Interplay of Electronics and Vacuum Technology

Hanle-effect studies on the(5p46s)P524state of iodine

A new type of vacuum gauge is described for measuring pressures in the range between zero and 10 millimeters of mercury. The gauge response is a linear function of pressure. Three sensitivity ranges are provided by a selector switch giving pressure ranges of 0 to 0.1 millimeter, 0 to 1.0 millimeters, and 0 to 10 millimeters, the second value in each case corresponding to full‐scale deflection of the output meter. The gauge is actuated by the ionization current resulting from the action of the radiation from a minute amount of radium on a small portion of the atmosphere within the vacuum system.

J. R. Downing

Papers

A sensitive vacuum gauge with linear response.