J. Thomas Fowler

TL;DR: In this article, a system for balancing state of charge among series connected electrical energy storage units that includes a power converter that selectively couples to an individual storage unit of the a string of connected EH storage units and transfers energy by bidirectionally between the individual unit and the string of storage units is described.

TL;DR: In this article, a system and method for determining and balancing state of charge among series of connected electrical energy storage units is provided, where the state of change of a selected storage unit in a string of storage units are determined by applying a non-dissipative load to the selected storage units, resulting in an energy transfer between the selected unit and the string of electrical energy units through the non-dispative load and determining the state-of-charge of the selected device from voltage and current data of the stored unit resulting from the energy transfer.

TL;DR: In a flame ionization sensor type gas combustion control apparatus, the sensor is provided with a power supply which will increase the voltage as contamination build up occurs on the in-flame sensor electrode thereby keeping a constant sensor current and enabling the sensor to perform as intended even though insulative contaminant build up is present on the electrode as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a system and method of balancing state of charge among a number of connected electrical energy storage unit is provided, where individual storage units are selectively coupled by semiconductor switches for monitoring and balancing state-of-charge.

TL;DR: In this article, a system and method of balancing state of charge among plural series connected storage unit is provided, where individual storage units (105) are selectively coupled by semiconductor switches (300) for monitoring and balancing state-of-charge.