Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is an emerging technology field that can replace fossil carbon value chains, and that has a significant potential to achieve emissions mitigation or even “negative emissions”—however in many cases with challenging technology feasibility and economic viability. Further challenges arise in the decision making for CCU technology research, development, and deployment, in particular when allocating funding or time resources. No generally accepted techno-economic assessment (TEA) standard has evolved, and assessment studies often result in “apples vs. oranges” comparisons, a lack of transparency and a lack of comparability to other studies. A detailed guideline for systematic techno-economic (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for CCU technologies was developed; this paper shows a summarized version of the TEA guideline, which includes distinct and prioritized (shall and should) rules and which allows conducting TEA in parallel to LCA. The TEA guideline was developed in a co-operative and creative approach with roughly 50 international experts and is based on a systematic literature review as well as on existing best practices from TEA and LCA from the areas of industry, academia, and policy. To the best of our knowledge, this guideline is the first TEA framework with a focus on CCU technologies and the first that is designed to be conducted in parallel to LCA due to aligned vocabulary and assessment steps, systematically including technology maturity. Therefore, this work extends current literature, improving the design, implementation, and reporting approaches of TEA studies for CCU technologies. Overall, the application of this TEA guideline aims at improved comparability of TEA studies, leading to improved decision making and more efficient allocation of funds and time resources for the research, development, and deployment of CCU technologies.

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Techno-economic assessment guidelines for CO2 utilization

Carbon dioxide transport via pipelines: A systematic review

The emission of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) as a result of fossil fuel burning is regarded as a leading cause of global warming and environmental problems. An efficient method to capture CO2 from flue gases is oxy-fuel combustion. CO2 compression and purification unit (CO2CPU) is a promising process to capture CO2 from oxy-fuel combustion flue gases. However, the widespread implementation of this method is encountered with different techno-economical and legal challenges. The present study aims to review the principles and latest advances of CO2CPU process as well as the challenges this process may encounter in the future. The CO2CPU system is introduced and the latest research on the optimization and dynamic investigation of this process are reviewed. In addition, relevant standards and specifications of CO2 product as well as the effect of impurity are collected. Finally, a summary of the future challenges and research directions is presented.

Review on principles, recent progress, and future challenges for oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture using compression and purification unit

For the envisaged large number of commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects that are to be implemented in the near future, a number of issues still need to be resolved, the most prominent being the large capital and operational costs incurred for the CO2 capture and compression process. An economic assessment of the capture and compression system based on optimal design data is important for CCS deployment. In this paper, the parametric process design approach is used to optimally design coal and natural gas monoethanolamine (MEA)-based post-combustion CO2 absorption–desorption capture (PCC) and compression plants that can be integrated into large-scale 550 MW coal-fired and 555 MW natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants, respectively, for capturing CO2 from their flue gases. The study then comparatively assesses the energy performance and economic viabilities of both plants to ascertain their operational feasibilities and relative costs. The parametric processes are presented and discussed. The results indicate that, at 90% CO2 capture efficiency, for the coal PCC plant, with 13.5 mol.% CO2 in the inlet flue gas, at an optimum liquid/gas ratio of 2.87 kg/kg and CO2 lean loading of 0.2082 mol CO2/mol MEA, the CO2 avoidance cost is about $72/tCO2, and, for the NGCC PCC plant, with 4.04 mol.% CO2 in the inlet flue gas, at an optimum liquid/gas ratio of 0.98 kg/kg and CO2 lean loading of 0.2307 mol CO2/mol MEA, the CO2 avoidance cost is about $94/tCO2.

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Parametric Process Design and Economic Analysis of Post-Combustion CO2 Capture and Compression for Coal- and Natural Gas-Fired Power Plants

Gas hydrates continue to attract enormous attention throughout the energy industry, as both a hindrance in conventional production and a substantial unconventional resource. Scientists continue to ...

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Clathrate hydrates: recent advances on CH 4 and CO 2 hydrates, and possible new frontiers

With the development of the third oil recovery in oil fields and CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, CO2 injection has become an effective means to enhance oil recovery (EOR) and relieve the greenhouse gas effect. The CO2 pipeline transportation technology started relatively late in China, where the gas phase and liquid phase transportation are widely used methods. The CO2 hydrate formation in the process of transportation may reduce the valve, destroy the equipment and even cause pipeline ice blockage, but research in China on CO2 hydrate is not very extensive. In this paper, the CO2 hydrate formation conditions were simulated using HYSYS, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results to verify the feasibility of the simulation method. Based on this, factors in the influence of gas impurities on CO2 hydrate formation are simulated, and the pipeline transportation process of CO2 hydrate formation are predicted. The results show that when there is a low amount of impurity content, the gaseous impurities such as CH4, N2, H2, O2, have little effect on CO2 hydrate formation in gaseous CO2 pipeline transport. Furthermore, environmental temperature has little effect on the changes in pipeline pressure along the transport route. However, with a change in environment temperature, temperature along the pipeline changes greatly. CO2 will change from a gas state to a liquid state in the pipeline when the ambient temperature is low. In the case of low ambient temperature, a thick insulation layer should be used, and heating of the pipeline may also be required. When the ambient temperature is higher than about 10°C , there will be no hydrates formed in the pipeline.

Research on the Hydrate Formation in the process of Gas Phase CO2 Pipeline Transportation

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Influence of Dense Phase CO2 Pipeline Transportation Parameters

OA02.05 Sugemalimab vs Placebo after cCRT or sCRT in pts with Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: Final PFS Analysis of a Phase 3 Study

VP7-2022: An ad-hoc interim overall survival results of niraparib with individualized starting dose as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (NORA): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the world&apos; largest fusion facility, has officially began assembly work at July 28, 2020 and plan to operation at December 2025. If ITER can operate successfully, which means the people step forward on the road to peaceful use of fusion energy. Meanwhile, how safe about ITER and whether the ITER will cause radiation harm to the surrounding environment and personnel is our concern. A lot of safety assessment work had been done for ITER using a deterministic approach through conservative assumptions and calculations. But it&apos;s not enough. This paper aims to estimate the radiological risk of ITER. The first, the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) progress for ITER was proposed in this paper and then, the preliminary PSA was applied on ITER and the results shows that ITER has a high frequency of accidents in the range of small dose. But the large-scale radiological consequences are unlikely. The reasons for those results are also analyzed in this paper. Those result could provide some valuable reference for risk assessment and safety supervision of fusion commercial reactor in the near future. 

J. Yang

Papers

Research on the Hydrate Formation in the process of Gas Phase CO2 Pipeline Transportation

Influence of Dense Phase CO2 Pipeline Transportation Parameters

OA02.05 Sugemalimab vs Placebo after cCRT or sCRT in pts with Unresectable Stage III NSCLC: Final PFS Analysis of a Phase 3 Study

VP7-2022: An ad-hoc interim overall survival results of niraparib with individualized starting dose as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (NORA): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial

A preliminary probabilistic safety assessment for ITER