From porcelain-fused-to-metal to zirconia: clinical and experimental considerations.

The goal of the current publication is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the topic of dental implant materials. The following paper focuses on conventional titanium implants and more recently introduced and increasingly popular zirconia implants. Major subtopics include the material science and the clinical considerations involving both implant materials and the influence of their physical properties on the treatment outcome. Titanium remains the gold standard for the fabrication of oral implants, even though sensitivity does occur, though its clinical relevance is not yet clear. Zirconia implants may prove to be promising in the future; however, further in vitro and well-designed in vivo clinical studies are needed before such a recommendation can be made. Special considerations and technical experience are needed when dealing with zirconia implants to minimize the incidence of mechanical failure.

https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2531883/164424_484372.pdf

A Critical Review of Dental Implant Materials with an Emphasis on Titanium versus Zirconia

https://www.journalofprosthodonticresearch.com/article/S1883-1958(16)00009-8/pdf

Advancements in CAD/CAM technology: Options for practical implementation

Ceramic dental biomaterials and CAD/CAM technology: state of the art.

3D Printed Versus Conventionally Cured Provisional Crown and Bridge Dental Materials

In prosthodontics, conventional methods of fabrication of oral and facial prostheses have been considered the gold standard for many years. The development of computer-aided manufacturing and the medical application of this industrial technology have provided an alternative way of fabricating oral and facial prostheses. This narrative review aims to evaluate the different streams of computer-aided manufacturing in prosthodontics. To date, there are two streams: the subtractive and the additive approaches. The differences reside in the processing protocols, materials used, and their respective accuracy. In general, there is a tendency for the subtractive method to provide more homogeneous objects with acceptable accuracy that may be more suitable for the production of intraoral prostheses where high occlusal forces are anticipated. Additive manufacturing methods have the ability to produce large workpieces with significant surface variation and competitive accuracy. Such advantages make them ideal for the fabrication of facial prostheses.

/pdf/trends-in-computer-aided-manufacturing-in-prosthodontics-a-41sorktkr7.pdf

Trends in Computer-Aided Manufacturing in Prosthodontics: A Review of the Available Streams

UNLABELLED The aim of this study is to review all the published literature investigating the accuracy of fit of zirconia fixed partial dentures (FPD). A comprehensive electronic search was performed through PubMed (MEDLINE) using Boolean operators to combine the following key words: 'zirconia,''margin,''FPD,''internal,''fit,''gap,''fitting surface,''bridge' and 'fixed prosthesis.' The search was limited to articles written in English, published up to January 2010. In addition, a manual search was also conducted through articles and reference lists retrieved from the electronic search and peer-reviewed journals. A total of 115 articles were retrieved and only 15 met the specified inclusion criteria for the review. Twelve of these articles were in vitro and three of them were in vivo. The selected articles had assessed marginal and/or internal fit of zirconia FPDs against the effect of various parameters that were computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and CAM systems, post-sintered and pre-sintered milling, framework configuration, span length, veneer application and ageing. CONCLUSIONS CAD/CAM, post-sintered milling, straight configuration and shorter span frameworks provided superior results than CAM, pre-sintered milling, curved configuration and longer span frameworks. Veneering zirconia frameworks caused deterioration in fit, while ageing of zirconia had no implications on the fit. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of the differences in the accuracy reported in this review.

Fit of zirconia fixed partial denture: a systematic review

The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical considerations related to increasing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) when restoring a patient's dentition. Thorough extraoral and intraoral evaluations are mandatory to assess the suitability of increasing OVD. In the literature, multiple techniques have been proposed to quantify OVD loss. However, the techniques lack consistency and reliability, which in turn affects the decision of whether to increase the OVD. Therefore, increasing OVD should be determined on the basis of the dental restorative needs and aesthetic demands. In general, a minimal increase in OVD should be applied, though a 5 mm maximum increase in OVD can be justified to provide adequate occlusal space for the restorative material and to improve anterior teeth aesthetics. The literature reflects the safety of increasing the OVD permanently, and although signs and symptoms may develop, these are usually of an interim nature. Whenever indicated, the increase in OVD should be achieved with fixed restorations rather than a removable appliance, due to the predictable patient adaptation. The exception to this is for patients with TMD, where increasing the OVD should still be achieved using removable appliances to control TMD-associated symptoms before considering any form of irreversible procedure.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01640.x

Clinical considerations for increasing occlusal vertical dimension: a review.

Digital impressions by intraoral scanning (IOS) have become an increasingly popular alternative to conventional impressions. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the available IOS systems for dental impression, and identify the influencing factors on accuracy. The literature search was completed to retrieve all the studies that investigated the IOS accuracy when used to scan teeth. A total of 2305 studies were initially obtained. After applying the inclusion criteria, 32 studies were suitable for the analysis. The following systems were included in the review: Cerec Bluecam, Cerec Omnicam, Cadent iTero, Lava C.O.S, Lava True Definition, TRIOS, TRIOS Color, E4D, Planscan, MHT, Carestream 3500 and Zfx IntraScan. In comparison to conventional impressions, the IOS systems can be reliably used for diagnostic purposes and short-span scanning. However, for whole arch scanning, the IOS is susceptible for more deviation. The studies indicated variable outcome of the different IOS systems. While the accuracy of IOS systems appears to be promising and comparable to conventional methods, they are still vulnerable to inaccuracies. For prosthesis fabrication, the IOS accuracy is enhanced by reducing the span of scanning, and ensuring the scanned surfaces exhibit minimal irregularities.

Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners: A Systematic Review of Influencing Factors.

Purpose: This review critically compares the available clinical and laboratory methods for assessing the fit of an implant prosthesis. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for studies related to the fit of implant prostheses or the effect of misfit. Different combinations of key words were used. The screening procedure was performed in two stages. In the first stage, the relevant articles were selected. In the second stage, from those articles, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results: Fifty-four articles were selected. Two different techniques were identified: in vitro and in vivo. The advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of each technique are discussed. There are clear limitations for the in vivo techniques. The in vitro techniques provide a more accurate measure of prosthe sis misfit. Conclusions: Because of the variety of techniques and the different parameters assessed by each, it is useful to combine several techniques to assess the accuracy of fit, quantify the effect of misfit, and subsequently determine an acceptable level of fit. INT J O RAL MAXILLOFAC IMPLANTS 2010;25:506‐515

Jaafar Abduo

Papers

Trends in Computer-Aided Manufacturing in Prosthodontics: A Review of the Available Streams

Fit of zirconia fixed partial denture: a systematic review

Clinical considerations for increasing occlusal vertical dimension: a review.

Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners: A Systematic Review of Influencing Factors.

Assessing the fit of implant fixed prostheses: a critical review