2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

In the literature on European integration, politicization as concept is often attributed major importance. This article shows how the literature variously discusses the politicization of European Union (EU) institutions, the politicization of EU decision‐making processes or the politicization of EU issues. Similarly, the literature attributes three different functions to politicization: it functions to crystallize opposing advocacy coalitions, to raise the question of legitimacy and to alter the course of European integration. Despite this diversity, this article argues we are in fact dealing with an encompassing process. To further our understanding of politicization of European integration, politicization as process is defined as an increase in polarization of opinions, interests or values and the extent to which they are publicly advanced towards policy formulation within the EU. Furthermore, attention is directed to practices of representative claims‐making in the public sphere through which ...

No polity for old politics? A framework for analyzing the politicization of European Integration

What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets

We analyse how tensions between international market integration and spatially limited political mandates have led to the phenomenon of economic patriotism. As discrimination in favour of insiders, economic patriotism goes beyond economic nationalism and can include territorial allegiances at the supranational or the local level. We show how this prism helps to understand the evolution of political intervention in open economies and present the ambition of this collection.

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Economic patriotism : reinventing control over open markets

Cet article met en avant les enjeux methodologiques et analytiques de la transnationalisation des politiques publiques pour la demarche comparative. Les recherches comparatives sur les politiques publiques, qui rencontrent un certain nombre d’obstacles methodologiques, ont egalement tendance a negliger les interactions transnationales et le changement. La prise en compte du transnational suppose, tout d’abord, de reconsiderer la problematique de la convergence, qui renvoie a des dimensions et a des processus multiples. Elle amene, ensuite, a effectuer une sociologie des acteurs intermediaires transnationaux qui font circuler les modeles et les outils de politiques publiques. Enfin, elle necessite de s’interesser aux processus de transfert, de traduction et d’hybridation qui permettent pleinement d’articuler la comparaison internationale avec la comparaison transnationale.

De la comparaison internationale à la comparaison transnationale. Les déplacements de la construction d'objets comparatifs en matière de politiques publiques

The Council is too often depicted as the battleground for intermittent clashes between national ministers. Based upon case studies of legislation produced in five ‘First Pillar’ sectors, the research presented here has explored the submerged, and much larger, part of this institutional ‘iceberg’: Council working groups. It does so by examining how members of these entities interact with civil servants in COREPER and ministers, on the one hand, and representatives of the Commission and the European Parliament, on the other. Contrary to many practitioner or formalist accounts, the principal finding is that working groups do not operate solely on a ‘technical level’. Instead, they are vital arenas through which the ambiguous nature of politics in the European Union heavily influences negotiating processes and legislative outcomes.

Technical or political ? The working groups of the EU council of ministers

. Over the past twenty years in France, the politique de la ville (a public policy initiative targeting impoverished urban areas) has constituted one of the main sources of renewal of the discourse concerning social participation. This article looks at whether it has led to a genuine democratisation of policy making. The following four questions are discussed: Have participatory procedures improved the efficiency of public policy? Have they fostered the strengthening of the social bond? Has setting up new procedures improved deliberation between political and nonpolitical actors? And has this new policy generated a renewal of local elites and modified the decision-making process? The authors conclude that these different attempts have had only a very limited impact.

The limits to local participation and deliberation in the French ‘politique de la ville’

Sociologie de la Police

Resume : L’introduction de ce numero special propose de mettre en relation deux approches de l’analyse de la transnationalisation des politiques publiques : les travaux portant sur la diffusion et les transferts, d’un cote, et ceux traitant de la convergence, de l’autre. Il plaide pour une demarche comparative – qualifiee de comparaison transnationale – n’isolant pas les differents niveaux d’action publique et centree sur les acteurs en interaction afin de comprendre les processus de traduction, entendus comme operation cognitive de re-creation d’un modele et comme produit de negociations entre differents acteurs.

Convergence, transferts et traduction: Les apports de la comparaison transnationale

Les politiques publiques constituent une facette centrale de l’activite des gouvernements, que ce soit pour distribuer des revenus, collecter des impots, conduire une politique exterieure, assurer la securite des citoyens, communiquer sur l’action gouvernementale, inciter les acteurs prives ou reguler l’action administrative. L’analyse d’un tel champ d’etude consiste a mieux comprendre comment sont conduites ces differentes activites et a reflechir sur la maniere dont les enjeux sont definis comme relevant de la sphere publique. Une telle approche propose egalement une vision renouvelee de l’action de l’Etat dans les societes occidentales en regardant les modalites du deploiement des interventions des gouvernements.
Cet ouvrage presente les fondements, les principales notions ainsi que les orientations recentes de l’analyse des politiques publiques. En s’appuyant sur de nombreux cas empiriques, les auteurs montrent comment les institutions, les acteurs publics et prives, les idees et les savoirs faconnent les orientations de l’action publique.

Jacques de Maillard

Papers

Technical or political ? The working groups of the EU council of ministers

The limits to local participation and deliberation in the French ‘politique de la ville’

Sociologie de la Police

Convergence, transferts et traduction: Les apports de la comparaison transnationale

Analyser les politiques publiques