The Transmission Control Protocol.

A system and method regulate the transmission of media data. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a header portion of a media file is encoded to include an access code. The access code corresponds to one or more permitted methods by which the media file may be transmitted over a network. In one embodiment, a user operates a web browser to access a web page including a hyperlink which references the media file and specifies a desired type of transmission. Desired types of transmission include, for example, streaming transmission and faster than real time reliable download. When the hyperlink is activated, a web server sends a URL referencing the media file to the web browser. The web browser passes the URL to the media player. The media player requests the media file from a media server. The media server transmits the header of the media file, and the media player extracts the access code to determine whether the media file may be transmitted according to the desired type of transmission. If so, the media server transmits the media file using the desired type of transmission, and the media player renders the media data into video, sound or image signals. If the media player receives the media data using a type of transmission that permits storing the media data locally, the media player may transfer the media data to a portable media player.

System and method for regulating the transmission of media data

Software defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising paradigm for making the control of communication networks flexible. SDN separates the data packet forwarding plane, i.e., the data plane, from the control plane and employs a central controller. Network virtualization allows the flexible sharing of physical networking resources by multiple users (tenants). Each tenant runs its own applications over its virtual network, i.e., its slice of the actual physical network. The virtualization of SDN networks promises to allow networks to leverage the combined benefits of SDN networking and network virtualization and has therefore attracted significant research attention in recent years. A critical component for virtualizing SDN networks is an SDN hypervisor that abstracts the underlying physical SDN network into multiple logically isolated virtual SDN networks (vSDNs), each with its own controller. We comprehensively survey hypervisors for SDN networks in this paper. We categorize the SDN hypervisors according to their architecture into centralized and distributed hypervisors. We furthermore sub-classify the hypervisors according to their execution platform into hypervisors running exclusively on general-purpose compute platforms, or on a combination of general-purpose compute platforms with general- or special-purpose network elements. We exhaustively compare the network attribute abstraction and isolation features of the existing SDN hypervisors. As part of the future research agenda, we outline the development of a performance evaluation framework for SDN hypervisors.

Survey on Network Virtualization Hypervisors for Software Defined Networking

Software defined networking (SDN) has emerged as a promising paradigm for making the control of communication networks flexible. SDN separates the data packet forwarding plane, i.e., the data plane, from the control plane and employs a central controller. Network virtualization allows the flexible sharing of physical networking resources by multiple users (tenants). Each tenant runs its own applications over its virtual network, i.e., its slice of the actual physical network. The virtualization of SDN networks promises to allow networks to leverage the combined benefits of SDN networking and network virtualization and has therefore attracted significant research attention in recent years. A critical component for virtualizing SDN networks is an SDN hypervisor that abstracts the underlying physical SDN network into multiple logically isolated virtual SDN networks (vSDNs), each with its own controller. We comprehensively survey hypervisors for SDN networks in this article. We categorize the SDN hypervisors according to their architecture into centralized and distributed hypervisors. We furthermore sub-classify the hypervisors according to their execution platform into hypervisors running exclusively on general-purpose compute platforms, or on a combination of general-purpose compute platforms with general- or special-purpose network elements. We exhaustively compare the network attribute abstraction and isolation features of the existing SDN hypervisors. As part of the future research agenda, we outline the development of a performance evaluation framework for SDN hypervisors.

A method and apparatus providing highly scalable server load balancing are disclosed. Data packets from a client are routed through one or more routers to a server load balancer, which is selected from among a plurality of server load balancers in a network. In response to receiving a request packet, a particular server site to process the client request is selected. A first path to a second router associated with the particular server site, and a second path to a server load-balancing device associated with the second router, are determined. A mapping of flow identifying information, associated with the packet, to a first label value that identifies the first path and to a second label value that identifies the second path, is created. The first label value and the second label value are stored in the packet. All subsequent packets associated with the client request are forwarded to the server load-balancing device based on looking up the first label value and second label value in the mapping. As a result, a network is scalable to process and load-balance numerous client requests, which are efficiently routed to the site, server load-balancer, and server that are handling the request.

Method and apparatus providing highly scalable server load balancing

Disclosed is a method for high speed rerouting in a multi protocol label switching (MPLS) network which can minimize a packet loss and enable a fast rerouting of traffic so as to protect and recover a multi point to point LSP occupying most LSPs in the MPLS network. The method for high speed rerouting in a multi protocol label switching (MPLS) network, the method comprising the steps of controlling a traffic stream to flow in a reverse direction in a point where a node or link failure occurs by using a backup Label Switched Path (LSP) comprising an Explicitly Routed (ER) LSP having a reverse tree of a protected multi point to point LSP and an ingress LSR through an egress LSR.

Method for high speed rerouting in multi protocol label switching network

For many URLLC services, mobility is a key requirement together with latency and reliability. 3GPP has defined the target of MIT as 0 ms, and a general URLLC reliability requirement as 1 - 10-5 within a latency of 1 ms for 5G. In this article, we analyzed the impact of MIT and handover failure (HOF) rate on the reliability performance. From the analysis, at 120 km/h, with MIT of 0 ms, the required HOF rate to achieve 1 - 10-5 reliability is only 0.52 percent. Therefore, to achieve the reliability for URLLC, we need to minimize not only the MIT but also the HOF rate as close to zero as possible. Hence, we propose conditional make-before- break handover to target zero MIT and zero HOF rate simultaneously. The solution can achieve zero MIT by not releasing the connection to the source cell until the first or some downlink receptions from the target cell. It can achieve the zero HOF rate, by receiving an HO Command message when the radio link to the source cell is still stable, and by executing the handover when the connection to the target cell is preferable. Simulation results show that our proposed solution can achieve almost zero HOF rate even at 120 km/h.

Handover Mechanism in NR for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications

In this paper, we will discuss our on-going effort for OF@TEIN SDN (Software-Defined Networking) testbed, which currently spans over Korea and five South-East Asian (SEA) collaborators with internationally deployed OpenFlowenabled SmartX Racks.

OF@TEIN: An OpenFlow-enabled SDN Testbed over International SmartX Rack Sites

To share Future Internet OpenFlow testbed with multi-users using multi-controllers without each other's intervention, network virtualization based on FlowVisor should be implemented. For network resource virtualization, bandwidth isolation at allocated switches on a given slice and admission control are required. In this paper, we implemented admission control and minimum bandwidth guaranteeing scheme at the FlowVisor and tested the transmission performance of QoS-video streams on this testbed. Using our enhanced FlowVisor, we show that each user's bandwidth requirement can be guaranteed irrespective of other users' flow traffic.

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Implementation of an OpenFlow network virtualization for multi-controller environment

In this paper we present the comprehensive survey on the clock synchronization algorithms, which should be considered for the measurements of the network delay. We categorize the clock synchronization algorithms into two basic types according to how they acquire synchronization between clocks, which are external source based schemes and end-to-end measurement based schemes. While external source based schemes are the synchronization methods using centralized time source such as NTP, GPS and IEEE 1588 to have global synchronization for all end hosts, end-to-end schemes obtain synchronization information through network measurements between end hosts. We briefly introduces some algorithms in both categories. However, we have focused more on the end-to-end schemes which can be classified again into online and offline shemes according to whether they can be applied for real time operation. We survey the recent progresses on these end-to-end algorithms and special concerns are on the estimation of true the one-way delay without the effect of clock skew. The problems in depolying each end-to-end scheme are also described. The potential further research issues in online one-way delay estimation are discussed.

Jae-Yong Lee

Papers

Method for high speed rerouting in multi protocol label switching network

Handover Mechanism in NR for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications

OF@TEIN: An OpenFlow-enabled SDN Testbed over International SmartX Rack Sites

Implementation of an OpenFlow network virtualization for multi-controller environment

Clock Synchronization for One-Way Delay Measurement: A Survey