This article traces the process of the adoption of intravenous drug use in a Madrid neighborhood between 1978 and 1990 and how that process influenced the local spread of HIV/AIDS. During this period, intravenous drug use reached massive proportions in Spain and became a main factor in the spread of HIV/AIDS in the country. Data collected on 245 intravenous drug users and the motives and circumstances of first intravenous drug use in 124 cases show a consistent pattern of social transmission, a high prevalence of HIV infection among drug users, and a high risk of infection for their partners and children. Contrary to prevalent stereotypes, often heroin was not the first drug injected.

The Spread of Intravenous Drug Use and AIDS in a Neighborhood in Spain

There is no denying the fundamental role played by parents in the psychosocial development of their children—either as a liability or as protection against mental health disorders. This study seeks to ascertain, by means of odds ratio statistics (OR), the correlation between parental psychological control and emotional and behavioral disorders. A total of 762 students took part in this study, with an average age of 12.23 years—53.8% of whom were girls and 46.2% were boys. Children and adolescents reported their parental psychological control and their emotional and behavioral disorders (i.e., emotional and behavioral problems, internalizing and externalizing problems). Minors who perceive their psychological control as high are 6 times more likely to suffer from internalizing disorders and 4.8 times more likely to develop externalizing disorders. Furthermore, the probability of suffering externalizing disorders is higher among males who perceive a high degree of psychological control. This study breaks new ground on the importance of perceived psychological control—considered as a negative form of control by parents—in the emotional and behavioral disorders among children and adolescents.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/3/507/pdf

Parental Psychological Control and Emotional and Behavioral Disorders among Spanish Adolescents.

Spain was one of the first countries in Europe to decriminalize drug use and one of the last to embrace harm reduction. As such, Spain's drug policies often appear to be rather contradictory. In this paper we will review the current status of drug laws and the major drug policies that have been implemented in Spain over the last 25 years concerning cannabis; their demographic, political, and economic contexts; and their apparent consequences. We will follow a chronological approach that outlines every major change that occurred during that period while trying to provide some sociopolitical background. We have divided the period under study into four major phases. Each phase addresses a major political change or shift in the social response to drug-related problems. In this account, we will apply to cannabis policies the conceptual distinctions introduced by MacCoun and Reuter in their recent revision of alternative drug policies (2001), especially their tripartite division between punitive, depenalizing, ...

A Brief History of Cannabis Policies in Spain (1968–2003)

Los profesiones sociales surgen y se consolidan historicamente tratando de satisfacer necesidades o demandas de una ciudadania cada vez mas consciente de sus derechos, realizando tareas o prestando servicios legitimados por su formacion y experiencia, en un escenario cada vez mas interdependiente de los procesos de cambio social, la division del trabajo y su progresiva especializacion.
En este contexto, el progresivo reconocimiento de los educadores sociales; y de los pedagogos sociales como profesionales de la educacion, ha obligado a definicion de sus sefias de identidad, con un doble proposito: incentivar el papel educador de la sociedad e incrementar las posibilidades socializadoras de la educacion, diversificando su quehacer profesional en una amplia red de ambitos y programas socio-educativos. En todo caso, siendo tareas complejas, en las que confluyen diversidad de valores, competencias y sabores: conocimientos, capacidades, actitudes, comportamientos, habilidades, etc.

/pdf/construir-la-profesion-la-educacion-social-como-proyecto-2d7339gg4j.pdf

Construir la profesión: la Educación Social como proyecto ético y tarea cívica

The present study focuses on analyzing the relationship between the parental acceptance–rejection perceived by adolescents and emotional instability from the early stages of adolescence. Special attention will be paid to potential differences between mothers and fathers. A total of 1181 students, aged 11–17, took part in the study. We used the factor of emotional instability in the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ-NA) and an affect scale (EA-H) to measure parental acceptance–rejection. The analyses performed show a clear association between emotional instability with maternal/paternal criticism and rejection. Specifically, maternal criticism and rejection in early adolescence and paternal criticism and rejection in middle adolescence were associated with emotional instability, confirming the association between children’s and adolescents’ emotional adjustment and family dynamics. This study makes interesting contributions to understanding paternal and maternal rejection during the different stages of adolescence. These differences should be incorporated into the research on parental influence and its role in the development of personality among adolescents.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/7/1194/pdf

Jaime Funes Artiaga

Papers

La nueva delincuencia infantil y juvenil

Migración y adolescencia

Cuando toda la adolescencia ha de caber en la escuela

La violència i els violents

Pequeñas reflexiones sobre los chicos adolescentes y sus conductas de riesgo