Increased penetration of wind and solar PV system in Distributed Generation (DG) and isolated micro grid environment necessitates the use of maximum power point tracking method for wind and solar PV resources. Considering the change in environmental conditions and non-linearity, a variety of publications reporting various MPPT algorithms for solar and wind energy systems are put forward in recent times. But the review reports on common MPPT techniques used for solar and wind applications for hybrid power generation have not yet been reported. Hence, in this paper, conventional techniques and artificial intelligent techniques found extensively used in the power generation platform are peerly reviewed and compared. Historical MPPT methods like Perturb & Observe (P&O) / Hill Climbing, Incremental Conductance (INC), Fuzzy and Neural Network methods benchmarked in MPPT province are comprehensively compared in a common platform. In addition to the common existing techniques, recent swarm intelligence and bio-inspired techniques in solar PV and sensor less adaptive techniques in wind MPPT are also been reviewed provided for quality assessment. Finally an economic analysis is arrived for MPPT methods based on (i) Capacity utilization factor (ii) Cost (iii) Energy Savings (iv) payback period (v) Income generated and (vi) stability.

Design and overview of maximum power point tracking techniques in wind and solar photovoltaic systems: A review

Hybrid Railway Power Quality Conditioner (HPQC) is newly proposed for its effective reduction in dc-link operation voltage while providing similar power quality compensation in cophase traction power supply compared to conventional railway power quality conditioner. However, reduction in HPQC operation voltage limits its power quality compensation capability. For instance, the previously proposed HPQC design based on minimum operation voltage under fixed rated load has minimum power quality compensation capability. Under practical conditions when load varies, the required HPQC active and reactive compensation power also changes. The dc-link operation voltage of HPQC may therefore need to be enhanced to increase its power quality compensation capability. Therefore in this paper, the relationship between dc-link voltage of HPQC and its power quality compensation capability, as well as its limitations, are being analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are also presented to verify the mentioned relationship via investigations of system performance under different loading conditions. The research can provide a guideline for determination of HPQC operation voltage when load varies.

Analysis of DC-Link Operation Voltage of a Hybrid Railway Power Quality Conditioner and Its PQ Compensation Capability in High-Speed Cophase Traction Power Supply

Hybrid maximum power point tracking techniques: A comparative survey, suggested classification and uninvestigated combinations

A novel MPPT controller in PV systems with hybrid whale optimization-PS algorithm based ANFIS under different conditions

Railway hybrid power quality conditioner (HPQC) is one of the newly proposed devices for power quality compensation in co-phase high-speed traction power supply for its benefit in reduction of operation voltage over conventional railway power quality conditioner (RPC). However, initial railway HPQC design is developed based on minimum operation voltage at predefined fixed rated load. This may not be applicable in practical condition when load varies. In order to solve this problem, a railway HPQC design with increased operation voltage has been investigated to enhance the compensation capability. Nevertheless, the compensation capability is even larger than that required during load variations such that the operation voltage is higher than it actually requires. A lower operation voltage can actually be used to provide required compensation capability when the coupled impedance is different from the designed rated one. In this paper, the effect of coupled impedance on the compensation capability in co-phase railway HPQC is being analyzed. An impedance-mapping design technique based on required compensation capability is then proposed based on the analysis. The proposed method is advantageous for lower operation voltage and smaller capacitance value. The effectiveness of impedance-mapping technique is verified via simulation and experimental results.

Analysis in the Effect of Co-phase Traction Railway HPQC Coupled Impedance on Its Compensation Capability and Impedance-Mapping Design Technique Based on Required Compensation Capability for Reduction in Operation Voltage

Power sector is facing a major issue in meeting the increasing power demand due to the unavailability of resources to meet the demand using conventional sources. Thus, the demand for renewable resources has increased. The prime energy resources in use are wind energy and solar energy. Solar energy is the most promising energy source since it is the most abundant energy source. In order to obtain maximum efficiency from the solar module, Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms are used. Many methods available for maximum power point tracking are perturb and observe, incremental conductance, parasitic capacitance, constant voltage and constant current etc. Due to some of the disadvantages of these methods the use of Artificial Neural Network for maximum power point tracking has increased. Optimization techniques can be used for optimizing the data used for training artificial neural network. Genetic algorithm is the optimization technique used in this paper. PI controller is used to reduce the error. In this paper, maximum power point tracking using genetic algorithm optimized artificial neural network employing PI controller is compared with maximum power point tracking using incremental conductance.

Comparison of MPPT using GA optimized ANN employing PI controller for solar PV system with MPPT using incremental conductance

Ac rail traction has become an important part of the power scenario. Negative sequence and harmonic current have become the main issues in high speed ac train traction system. A V/V traction transformer has been adopted for power supply to the traction. Railway static power conditioner (RPC) has been developed to mitigate the power quality issues. A comprehensive technique for compensation of negative sequence and harmonic currents has been discussed and compared. RPC is a back to back connected converter with a dc link. The controller also provides a constant dc link voltage and thus helps in the compensation of active and reactive power. Thus RPC improves the power quality issues due to traction in the power grid.

Power quality improvement of AC railway traction using railway static power conditioner a comparative study

HVDC Transmission Line Protection Based on Transient Power

Biomass generation systems using gasification technology can provide clean energy and can be a dependable source of power to complement the main power supply. Electricity price fixation has an important role in the power market. A generalized pricing method should take care of the demand variations and the market conditions. This article proposes a model for determining the price of electrical energy from biomass-based power plants considering operating constraints and the economic components that influence the electricity price. It incorporates the Clean Development Mechanism benefit, income from by-products, and penalty factors in addition to the economic components. The model developed is applied to a typical biomass gasifier generating unit in India for determining the electricity price.

A Pricing Model for Biomass-based Electricity

This paper presents a transient based protection for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) system. HVDC system responses during internal and external fault are studied. Transient energy difference and the relation between various parameters of the line are analyzed during each fault. Based on that the transient principle is developed. Transient energy is obtained from the voltage and current values at the two ends of the line. Internal fault and external fault can be identified easily from the calculated value of transient energy. The location of fault during pole to ground was found out using transient data. The test system is modeled and analyzed for various faults using MATLAB - SIMULINK package based on CIGRE HVDC benchmark system.

Jaimol Thomas

Papers

Comparison of MPPT using GA optimized ANN employing PI controller for solar PV system with MPPT using incremental conductance

Power quality improvement of AC railway traction using railway static power conditioner a comparative study

HVDC Transmission Line Protection Based on Transient Power

A Pricing Model for Biomass-based Electricity

A novel algorithm for fault location and identification in HVDC transmission lines based on transients