This invention relates to membrane separation of organic solubilized rhodium-organophosphite complex catalyst and free organophosphite ligand from a homogeneous non-aqueous hydroformylation reaction mixture, said mixture also containing, in addition to said catalyst and free ligand, aldehyde product and an organic solvent.

Membrane separation process

An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a reduced number of component parts which can be arranged or laid out without difficulty within a limited space such as a vehicle engine room. The apparatus can be manufactured at low costs and it is also highly resistant to electrical noise from adjacent electrical and electronic elements and hence has improved reliability in operation. The apparatus includes an ignition coil connected to a spark plug which has electrodes present in a combustion chamber of a cylinder, a switch unit for controlling power supply to the ignition coil, and an ion current sensing unit connected to the spark plug for sensing an ion current generated between the electrodes of the spark plug during combustion of a mixture in the combustion chamber. The ignition coil and the switch unit, or the ion current sensing unit and the switch unit, or all of these elements, are integrally formed with each other to provide an integral assembly. In a preferred form, the switch unit and the ion current sensing unit comprise a hybrid integral circuit. The switch unit includes a switch in the form of a power transistor connected to the ignition coil, and a switch driver for driving the switch. The power transistor can be formed separately from the ion current sensing unit whereas the switch driver can be integrally formed with the ion current sensing unit.

Ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine

An ignition coil for the internal combustion engine has a cylinder portion and a head portion. A pillar portion that forms a part of a ventilation passage that communicates inside and outside of a plug hole via a sealing member, and a cover portion that covers the pillar portion without blockading an upper opening of a ventilation opening of the pillar portion are formed on a side of the head portion.

Ignition coil for internal combustion engine

A variable length arc magnetic spark plug includes a shell, a pair of electrodes that define a variable length air gap or diverging air gap therebetween, and at least one magnet that produces a magnetic field in the air gap separating the electrodes. The magnitude of an ignition signal supplied to the electrodes directly affects the force acting on the arc to move or position the arc relative to the magnetic field produced by the magnets in accordance with well known field principles. In the preferred embodiment, a pair of magnets produces a magnetic field in the diverging air gap. Less current is required to produce a larger or longer arc with the inclusion of the magnets in the vicinity of the air gap wherein the electrical arc is generated.

Spark plug including magnetic field producing means for generating a variable length arc

An ignition coil, spark plug, and pressure sensor for an internal combustion engine are integrated into a single assembly and mounted directly on a plug hole of an internal combustion engine. A hard spark plug shell serves as a magnetostrictive section for pressure detection. A radially polarized biasing magnet is disposed adjacent the spark plug shell thereby generating an initial flux through a sensing winding. The sensing winding is wound about the lower end of the coil case to sense changes in the induction characteristics of the spark plug shell as a result of pressure changes in the cylinder. A first passive method of sensing pressure whereby the flux change due to the permeability change generates a signal voltage in the sensed coil. This voltage is proportional to the time rate of change of pressure which is integrated to produce a cylinder pressure waveform. A second active method employs an oscillator to drive the sensing circuit with a frequency at least ten times that of the pressure signal content. The frequency or amplitude of this signal is then modulated in response to the induction property change of the spark plug shell the induction changes The second method is capable of detecting both static and dynamic pressure.

Integrated spark plug ignition coil with pressure sensor for an internal combustion engine

An ignition module that is adapted to be secured to an internal combustion engine. The module has a plastic housing and a metallic cover that is adapted to be secured to an engine. A plurality of ignition coils are located within the housing and cover. The lower wall of the plastic housing has conductors embedded therein that electrically connect the secondary windings of the coils to electrical connector assemblies that are carried by the housing and which are adapted to slip over the spark plugs of an engine. The connector assemblies include means for making an electrical connection to the terminals of the spark plugs. The ignition coils have laminated cores that are clamped between the housing and the cover. The cores directly contact the metallic cover so that the cores have a heat transfer path to the cover and are electrically connected to the cover.

Integrated direct ignition module

Ignition apparatus for developing and applying sparks to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine (16). A plurality of secondary spark developing units (18) are respectively associated with the cylinders of the engine. Each secondary unit comprises a spark plug and a secondary winding carried by the spark that is connected to the electrodes of the spark plug. Magnetic flux is coupled to the secondary winding of the secondary units by a primary winding module (10). The module has a support portion (12) and a plurality of spaced tubular members (14). A primary winding having a bore is located in each tubular member. A tubular flux carrying part formed of magnetic material is located about each primary winding. The module is supported by the engine in such a position that portions of the secondary units project into the bores when the module is mounted on an engine.

Internal combustion engine ignition apparatus having a primary winding module

A spark plug and ignition coil having concentrically wound primary and secondary coils about a plastic coated iron core are integrated in a dielectric fluid filled assembly characterized by advantageous employment of structurally inherent capacitances for radio frequency attenuation.

Integrated ignition coil and spark plug

A breakerless ignition controller for an internal combustion engine. The ignition controller is a single-unit device comprising the base and cap of ignition distributor. The cap of the distributor carries an ignition coil. The base of the distributor supports a magnetic pick-up and an electronic module for controlling the current through the primary of the ignition coil. The magnetic flux for generating a control voltage in the magnetic pick-up coil is a permanent magnet. The flux produced by the primary of the ignition coil is so oriented with respect to the flux produced by the permanent magnet of the magnetic pick-up that false triggering voltages that might otherwise be produced by stray magnetic fields are overcome by the magnetic field produced by the primary winding when it is energized. The permanent magnet of the magnetic pick-up is oriented in a predetermined relationship to the magnetic field produced by the conductor connecting the battery and cranking motor of the motor vehicle to further prevent false triggering of the ignition controller. The secondary winding of the distributor cap supported ignition coil is also oriented to prevent false triggering of the system.

Internal combustion engine ignition controller

Apparatus for developing and applying sparks to a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus comprises separate primary (12) and secondary (10) winding units. The secondary unit includes a spark plug having an insulator (14). The insulator carries a secondary winding (30) which is connected to the electrodes (16,20) of the spark plug. The insulator has a bore (26) which contains a magnetic core (40) for the secondary winding. The primary winding unit includes a primary winding (52) and a tubular flux carrying part (58) formed of magnetic material. The primary winding unit has a bore which is slipped over a portion of the secondary unit that has the secondary winding. A voltage is induced in the secondary winding by magnetic coupling to the primary winding when it is energized.

James A. Boyer

Papers

Integrated direct ignition module

Internal combustion engine ignition apparatus having a primary winding module

Integrated ignition coil and spark plug

Internal combustion engine ignition controller

Spark developing apparatus for internal combustion engines