Copper(I) Chloride

An improved process is provided for the manufacture of a catalytically-active carbonaceous char capable of rapidly decomposing hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions. The process of the invention uses a low temperature carbonization and extensive oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous coal-like material followed by exposure to a nitrogen-containing compound at high temperatures during the initial calcination and/or activation. The resultant catalytically-active chars have the ability to rapidly decompose aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide and are useful for catalytic conversion of H2S, SOx, NOx, chloramines, and/or peroxides in liquid and/or gaseous streams. The catalytic activity of the char can be measured by adding the char to an apparatus (10) comprising a Dewar container (11) positioned on a magnetic stirrer (12) including a stir bar (13), a cap (14), a funnel (15), a vent (16), an opening (17), a thermocouple (18), an ice point compensator (21) and a strip char recorder (22).

Process for making catalytic carbon.

Our previous study demonstrated that many commercial activated carbon (AC) particles may catalyze transformation of secondary amines to yield trace levels of N-nitrosamines under ambient aerobic conditions. Because of the widespread usage of AC materials in numerous analytical and environmental applications, it is imperative to understand the reaction mechanism responsible for formation of nitrosamine on the surface of ACs to minimize their occurrence in water treatment systems and during analytical methods employing ACs. The study results show that the AC-catalyzed nitrosamine formation requires both atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. AC’s surface reactive sites react with molecular oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS), which facilitate fixation of molecular nitrogen on the carbon surfaces to generate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) likely nitrous oxide and hydroxylamine that can react with adsorbed amines to form nitrosamines. AC’s properties play a crucial role as more nitrosamine formation is as...

N -Nitrosamines Formation from Secondary Amines by Nitrogen Fixation on the Surface of Activated Carbon

Carbon as Catalyst

A general synthesis of resin-bound triaryl bismuthanes and resin-bound triaryl bismuth diacetates starting from commercially available chloromethyl polystyrene is reported. For the first time resin-bound bismuth has been utilized as part of a multidirectional linker system for solid-phase organic synthesis and as a resin-bound arylation reagent.

James Brierley Firth

Papers

CXCVI.—The behaviour of activated sugar carbon in contact with hydrogen peroxide solution

CXL.—Some factors governing the complete sorption of iodine by carbon from chloroform solution

CLXXII.—The action of sodium hyposulphite on cupric chloride in aqueous solution

The Catalytic Activity of Carbons from Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Some Derivatives

CXXII.—The sorption of hydrogen by amorphous palladium