Methanol-to-hydrocarbons: process technology

Much attention has been paid to the transformation of lower alkanes such as propane and butanes into aromatic hydrocarbons from both industrial and academic points of view The aromatic hydrocarbons can be utilized as a booster for high octane number gasoline and are fundamental raw chemicals in petroleum chemistry The activation of lower alkanes is an intriguing subject In early work, Csicsery [1–5] described dehydrocyclodimerization of lower alkanes over bifunctional catalysts such as platinum on alumina and Cr2O3 on alumina

Transformation of Lower Alkanes into Aromatic Hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 Zeolites

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydrocarbons by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen in which reaction a feed comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide is contacted at elevated temperature and pressure with a catalyst comprising cobalt and manganese in which catalyst the cobalt/manganese molar ratio is between 14:1 and 7:1 and the GHSV is at least 1600 N1/1/h. Preferably the cobalt/manganese molar ratio is between 13:1 and 9:1 and the GHSV is between 2700 and 25,000 N1/1/h. The reaction is especially carried out in a slurry phase regime.

Process for the preparation of hydrocarbons

The conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons is a remarkable reaction. The mechanism involves C-C bond formation from C1 fragments generated in the presence of certain acidic catalysts and reagents. The precise nature of these reactive C1 species is unknown at present and is the subject of lively debate. The considerable diversity of current opinion will become apparent from the following account.

Hydrocarbons from Methanol

An in situ process for treating an oil containing formation is provided. The process may include providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation. The heat may be allowed to transfer from the one or more heaters to a part of the formation such that heat from the one or more heat sources pyrolyzes at least some hydrocarbons within the part. Hydrocarbons may be produced from the formation.

In situ thermal processing of an oil reservoir formation

Utilizing air, rather than oxygen, to convert coal to synthesis gas containing very high proportions of inert nitrogen; subjecting this entire gas, possibly with intermediate cleanup, e.g., sulfur removal, to conversion over a special metal-zeolite catalyst to produce a product comprising C 5 to C 11 normally liquid hydrocarbons, a gas containing C 1 to C 4 hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and large proportions of nitrogen, and an aqueous product comprising water; utilizing the gas product to run electric power generation equipment, such as a direct fired turbine, at base load levels; storing and accumulating the liquid product; and intermittently using the liquid product for electric power generation to meet higher than base loads, including peak load situations.

Conversion of coal to electricity

Process Studies on the Conversion of Methanol to Gasoline

A gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is contacted in a first reactor with an iron Fischer-Tropsch catalyst such as potassium promoted iron under special conditions and the total products from said contact are then converted in a second reactor containing HZSM-5 to obtain either a highly olefinic or highly aromatic product depending on reaction conditions.

Conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbon mixtures utilizing dual reactors

A process is described for the production of aromatics boiling in the gasoline boiling range from methanol carried out in two stages wherein a heat dissipating diluent is employed in the second stage during contact with a crystalline zeolite catalyst selective for the purpose and the first stage exothermic temperature rise is catalytically restricted.

Conversion of methanol to gasoline components

The waxy liquid phase of an oil suspension of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst containing dissolved wax is separated out and the wax is converted by hydrocracking, dewaxing or by catalytic cracking with a low activity catalyst to provide a highly olefinic product which may be further converted to premium quality gasoline and/or distillate fuel.

James C. Kuo

Papers

Conversion of coal to electricity

Process Studies on the Conversion of Methanol to Gasoline

Conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbon mixtures utilizing dual reactors

Conversion of methanol to gasoline components

Process for upgrading wax from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis