https://repositorio.inesctec.pt/bitstream/123456789/9656/1/P-00Q-587.pdf

Optimal bidding strategy for an aggregator of prosumers in energy and secondary reserve markets

An optimal day-ahead load scheduling approach based on the flexibility of aggregate demands

https://repositorio.inesctec.pt/bitstream/123456789/9651/1/P-00Q-1TD.pdf

A cluster-based optimization approach to support the participation of an aggregator of a larger number of prosumers in the day-ahead energy market

As electric vehicle penetration increases, charging is expected to have a significant impact on the grid. Electric vehicle charging stations will greatly affect a building site's power demand, especially with the onset of fast charging with power levels as high as 350 kW per charger. Here, we assess how electric vehicle charging stations would impact a retail big box grocery store, exploring numerous station sizes, charging power levels, and utilization factors in various climate zones and seasons. We measure the effect of charging by assessing changes in monthly peak power demand, electricity usage, and annual electricity bill, computed using three distinct rate structures. We find that an electric vehicle station has the potential to dwarf a big box building's power demand if behind the same meter, increasing monthly peak power demand at the site by over 250%. Cold-climate areas paired with rate structures incorporating high demand charges are most susceptible for significant changes to the annual electricity bill, with increases as high as 88%.

Impact of electric vehicle charging on the power demand of retail buildings

Flexibility coming from consumers in residential and service sectors has received significant attention to deal with uncertainty and variability of renewable energy sources. Since these consumers are too small individually to participate in the electricity markets, their assets can be pooled by an aggregator. The aggregator can implement business models by trading flexibility obtained from these consumers’ assets in different electricity markets. However, the aggregator and the consumers are only motivated to implement a business model, if it is economically feasible. The economic feasibility of a business model depends on (1) financial aspects: how much profit the aggregator makes, and how much money the consumers save, and (2) operational aspects: how the consumers’ assets are operated to increase the financial aspects. This paper aims to provide insights in these operational and financial aspects of the aggregator's business models in residential and service sectors. For this purpose, a literature review is conducted, and a framework is presented to analyze the selected papers on these operational and financial aspects. Based on this analysis, different strategies for the aggregator to implement business models are determined. Moreover, knowledge gaps are identified and several recommendations for future research are provided.

/pdf/aggregator-s-business-models-in-residential-and-service-42hzmwtx6x.pdf

James Corbishley

Papers

A control framework for the utilization of heating load flexibility in a day-ahead market