Where Does the Fluorine Come From? A Review on the Challenges Associated with the Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds

The use of a predictive threat analysis to propose revisions to existing risk assessments for precursor chemicals used in the manufacture of home-made explosives (HME)

The effects of Ag, Co, and Ge additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Be-35Al (wt.%) alloys fabricated by investment casting were studied. The results reveal that the trace metals 1.5wt.% Ag, 0.7wt.% Co, and 0.8wt.% Ge additions do not change the nucleation temperature of Be phase. However, the nucleation temperature of the Al phase decreases from 642 °C to 630 °C by DSC due to the Ge addition. The strength of the alloys sharply increases due to the dissolution of the Ag and Ge solutes into the Al phase and the Co into the Be phase characterized by SEM and EDS. Obviously, the strength of Be-Al-Ag-Co-Ge alloy is improved by the solution strengthening. Furthermore, a few Ag3Al particles contribute to the strength of the Al phase. Be-Fe-Al ternary intermetallic compounds which can effectively reduce the negative effect of an impurity element Fe on the mechanical properties of Be-Al alloys are also found by XRD and EDS. 

/pdf/effects-of-ag-co-and-ge-additions-on-microstructure-and-1dzg6tla.pdf

Effects of Ag, Co, and Ge additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Be-Al alloy fabricated by investment casting

Despite being one of the most debilitating conditions encountered in the field of toxicology, there is a lack of neutralization measures for the toxins involved in acute corrosive poisoning, and this promotes progressive contact injury of deep tissues after poisoning has occurred. Multiple controversies still surround management strategies during the acute phase of poisoning and the long-term follow-up of the patient. Here, we report a severe case of intentional poisoning with nitric acid complicated by extensive injury of the upper digestive tract, multiple stricture formation, and complete dysphagia. Serial endoscopic dilation and insertion of a jejunostomy feeding tube were necessary, and underlying psychiatric illness negatively affected the outcome of the patient. We conclude that an interdisciplinary approach is necessary to properly reduce the extent of lesions and sequelae induced by corrosion. Early endoscopic mapping of injuries is of major importance to better predict the evolution and possible complications of poisoning. Interventional and reconstructive surgical procedures may significantly improve the life expectancy and quality of life of patients following intoxication with corrosive substances.

/pdf/severe-intentional-corrosive-nitric-acid-acute-poisoning-a-25j3gd0z.pdf

Severe Intentional Corrosive (Nitric Acid) Acute Poisoning: A Case Report and Literature Review

Recovering and recycling nitrogen available in waste streams would reduce the demand for conventional fossil-based fertilizers and contribute toward food security. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), this study aimed to evaluate the environmental performance of nitrogen recovery for fertilizer purposes from sewage sludge treatment in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Utilizing either air stripping or pyrolysis-derived biochar adsorbent, nitrogen was recovered from ammonium-rich reject streams generated during mechanical dewatering and thermal drying of anaerobically digested sewage sludge. A wide range of results was obtained between different scenarios and different impact categories. Biochar-based nitrogen recovery showed the lowest global warming potential with net negative GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions of −22.5 kt CO2,eq/FU (functional unit). Ammonia capture through air stripping caused a total GHG emission of 2 kt CO2,eq/FU; while in the base case scenario without nitrogen recovery, a slightly lower GHG emission of 0.2 kt CO2,eq/FU was obtained. This study contributes an analysis promoting the multifunctional nature of wastewater systems with integrated resource recovery for potential environmental and health benefits. 

https://www.mdpi.com/2313-4321/8/2/43/pdf?version=1681381202

Environmental Performance of Nitrogen Recovery from Reject Water of Sewage Sludge Treatment Based on Life Cycle Assessment

Inorganic chemicals have application in every aspect of the chemical industry including catalysts, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medicine, fuel, and agriculture. The products of inorganic chemical processes are used as (i) basic chemicals for industrial processes, which include acids, bases, salts, oxidizing agents, gases, halogens, (ii) chemical additives, which include pigments, alkali metals, colors, and (iii) finished products, which include fertilizers, glass, and construction materials. This chapter will serve as an introduction to the nature of and production of inorganic chemicals and the structure of inorganic chemical which will serve as an introduction and the production of inorganic chemicals from which an understanding of the origins and effects of inorganic chemicals in the environments can be understood.

James G. Speight

Papers

Chapter Two – Inorganic Chemistry