Benjamini and Hochberg suggest that the false discovery rate may be the appropriate error rate to control in many applied multiple testing problems. A simple procedure was given there as an FDR controlling procedure for independent test statistics and was shown to be much more powerful than comparable procedures which control the traditional familywise error rate. We prove that this same procedure also controls the false discovery rate when the test statistics have positive regression dependency on each of the test statistics corresponding to the true null hypotheses. This condition for positive dependency is general enough to cover many problems of practical interest, including the comparisons of many treatments with a single control, multivariate normal test statistics with positive correlation matrix and multivariate $t$. Furthermore, the test statistics may be discrete, and the tested hypotheses composite without posing special difficulties. For all other forms of dependency, a simple conservative modification of the procedure controls the false discovery rate. Thus the range of problems for which a procedure with proven FDR control can be offered is greatly increased.

/pdf/the-control-of-the-false-discovery-rate-in-multiple-testing-426hrdkyhb.pdf

The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency

Linear regression equations have been obtained to directly calculatenutrient requirements of dairy cattle (TDN, DE, ME, NEL,CP, Ca, P, Vitamin A and Vitamin D) on differentphysiological stages: maintenance, pregnancy and milkproduction based on NRC nutrient requirements tables. TheR-square was calculated for each equation to establish thedegree of adjustment.

/pdf/estimacion-lineal-de-los-requerimientos-nutricionales-del-2bgbp8s5al.pdf

Estimación lineal de los requerimientos nutricionales del NRC para ganado de leche

http://staff.pubhealth.ku.dk/~tag/Teaching/share/material/dupont-plummer-power-sample-size-1990.pdf

Power and sample size calculations. A review and computer program.

In response to the need for rapid, inexpensive, high-throughput assays for antimycobacterial drug screening, a microplate-based assay which uses Alamar blue reagent for determination of growth was evaluated. MICs of 30 antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, M. tuberculosis H37Ra, and Mycobacterium avium were determined in the microplate Alamar blue assay (MABA) with both visual and fluorometric readings and compared to MICs determined in the BACTEC 460 system. For all three mycobacterial strains, there was < or = 1 dilution difference between MABA and BACTEC median MICs in four replicate experiments for 25 to 27 of the 30 antimicrobics. Significant differences between MABA and BACTEC MICs were observed with 0, 2, and 5 of 30 antimicrobial agents against H37Rv, H37Ra, and M. avium, respectively. Overall, MICs determined either visually or fluorometrically in MABA were highly correlated with those determined in the BACTEC 460 system, and visual MABA and fluorometric MABA MICs were highly correlated. MICs of rifampin, rifabutin, minocycline, and clarithromycin were consistently lower for H37Ra compared to H37Rv in all assays but were similar for most other drugs. M. tuberculosis H37Ra may be a suitable surrogate for the more virulent H37Rv strain in primary screening of compounds for antituberculosis activity. MABA is sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, and nonradiometric and offers the potential for screening, with or without analytical instrumentation, large numbers of antimicrobial compounds against slow-growing mycobacteria.

/pdf/microplate-alamar-blue-assay-versus-bactec-460-system-for-4s09rn421d.pdf

Microplate alamar blue assay versus BACTEC 460 system for high-throughput screening of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium.

Convergence in interspecific leaf trait relationships across diverse taxonomic groups and biomes would have important evolutionary and ecological implications. Such convergence has been hypothesized to result from trade-offs that limit the combination of plant traits for any species. Here we address this issue by testing for biome differences in the slope and intercept of interspecific relationships among leaf traits: longevity, net pho- tosynthetic capacity (Amax), leaf diffusive conductance (Gs), specific leaf area (SLA), and nitrogen (N) status, for more than 100 species in six distinct biomes of the Americas. The six biomes were: alpine tundra-subalpine forest ecotone, cold temperate forest-prairie ecotone, montane cool temperate forest, desert shrubland, subtropical forest, and tropical rain forest. Despite large differences in climate and evolutionary history, in all biomes mass-based leaf N (Nmass), SLA, Gs, and Amax were positively related to one another and decreased with increasing leaf life span. The relationships between pairs of leaf traits exhibited similar slopes among biomes, suggesting a predictable set of scaling relationships among key leaf morphological, chemical, and metabolic traits that are replicated globally among terrestrial ecosystems regardless of biome or vegetation type. However, the intercept (i.e., the overall elevation of regression lines) of relationships between pairs of leaf traits usually differed among biomes. With increasing aridity across sites, species had greater Amax for a given level of Gs and lower SLA for any given leaf life span. Using principal components analysis, most variation among species was explained by an axis related to mass-based leaf traits (Amax, N, and SLA) while a second axis reflected climate, Gs, and other area-based leaf traits.

/pdf/generality-of-leaf-trait-relationships-a-test-across-six-3rc8mpdall.pdf

Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes

Observations probability sampling from a normal distribution comparisons involving two sample means principles of experimental design analysis of variance I - the one-way classification mutiple comparisons analysis of variance II - multiway classification linear regression linear correlation matrix notation linear regression in matrix notation multiple and partial regression and correlation analysis of variance III - factorial experiments analysis of variance analysis of covariance IV analysis of covariance analysis of variance V - unequal subclass numbers some uses of chi-square enumeration data I - one-way classifications enumeration data II - contingency tables categorical models some discrete distributions nonparametric statistics sampling finite populations.

Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach

Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach.

Principles and procedures of statistics : a biometrical approach

Bioestadística : principios y procedimientos

Buku ini berisi tentang statistika, bahwa statistika sangat diperlukan, dan telah digunakan ooleh semakin banyak disiplin ilmu pengetahuan. Prinsip-prinsip statistika tidak bergantung pada bidang terapan, dan prosedur yang diterapkan dengan berhasil di bidan pertanian dan ilmu-ilmu biologi, dll

James H. Torrie

Papers

Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach

Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach.

Principles and procedures of statistics : a biometrical approach

Bioestadística : principios y procedimientos

Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika : Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik