Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in the zone which comprises a passageway from an entrance end to an exit end of the element. Processes described which may be conducted with the disclosed reactor cells and reactors include, for example, the partial oxidation of methane to produce unsaturated compounds or synthesis gas, the partial oxidation of ethane, substitution of aromatic compounds, extraction of oxygen from oxygen-containing gases, including oxidized gases, ammoxidation of methane, etc. The extraction of oxygen from oxidized gases may be used for flue or exhaust gas cleanup.

Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor components, electrochemical reactors and use of membranes, reactor components, and reactor for oxidation reactions

Surfactants containing a mixture of alkyl sulfate and alkyl ether sulfate in specific ratios are provided. Preferred compositions are blends of alkyl sulfate with narrow range alkoxylated alcohols are sulfonated. These compositions are used as improved foaming agent compositions and exhibit desirable foaming characteristics for use in the manufacture of gypsum board and concrete and in oil field applications.

Foaming agent composition and process

Acetic acid and/or vinyl acetate are produced by an integrated process which comprises the steps: (a) contacting in a first reaction zone a gaseous feedstock comprising ethylene and/or ethane and optionally steam with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst active for the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid and/or ethane to acetic acid and ethylene to produce a first product stream comprising acetic acid, water and ethylene (either as unreacted ethylene and/or as co-produced ethylene) and optionally also ethane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen; (b) contacting in a second reaction zone in the presence or absence of additional ethylene and/or acetic acid at least a portion of the first gaseous product stream comprising at least acetic acid and ethylene and optionally also one or more of water, ethane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst active for the production of vinyl acetate to produce a second product stream comprising vinyl acetate, water, acetic acid and optionally ethylene; (c) separating the product stream from step (b) by distillation into an overhead azeotrope fraction comprising vinyl acetate and water and a base fraction comprising acetic acid; (d) either (i) recovering acetic acid from the base fraction separated in step (c) and optionally recycling the azeotrope fraction separated in step (c) after partial or complete separation of the water therefrom to step (c), or (ii) recovering vinyl acetate from the azeotrope fraction separated in step (c) and optionally recycling the base fraction separated in step (c) to step (b), or (iii) recovering acetic acid from the base fraction separated in step (c) and recovering vinyl acetate from the overhead azeotrope fraction recovered in step (c).

Integrated process for the production of vinyl acetate and/or acetic acid

This invention relates to a process for converting a hydrocarbon reactant to a product comprising an oxygenate or a nitrile, the process comprising: (A) flowing a reactant composition comprising the hydrocarbon reactant, and oxygen or a source of oxygen, and optionally ammonia, through a microchannel reactor in contact with a catalyst to convert the hydrocarbon reactant to the product, the hydrocarbon reactant undergoing an exothermic reaction in the microchannel reactor; (B) transferring heat from the microchannel reactor to a heat exchanger during step (A); and (C) quenching the product from step (A).

Process for converting a hydrocarbon to an oxygenate or a nitrile

A catalyst system and process for combined cracking and selective hydrogen combustion of hydrocarbons are disclosed. The catalyst system contains at least one solid acid component and at least one metal-based component which consists of (a) oxygen and/or sulfur and (b) a metal combination selected from the group consisting of: i) at least one metal from Group 3 and at least one metal from Groups 4-15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; ii) at least one metal from Groups 5-15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, and at least one metal from at least one of Groups 1, 2, and 4 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; iii) at least one metal from Groups 1 and 2, at least one metal from Group 3, and at least one metal from Groups 4-15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements; and iv) two or more metals from Groups 4-15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, wherein the at least one of oxygen and sulfur is chemically bound both within and between the metals and, optionally, (3) at least one of at least one support, at least one filler and at least one binder. The process is such that the yield of hydrogen is less than the yield of hydrogen when contacting the hydrocarbons with the solid acid component alone. Further, the emissions of NOx from the regeneration cycle of the catalyst system are reduced.

Combined cracking and selective hydrogen combustion for catalytic cracking

A process for the low temperature oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene uses a calcined oxide catalyst containing Mo, V, Nb, Sb, and at least one metal from a given group of metals.

Process for oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene

ACETIC ACID FROM ETHANE, ETHYLENE AND OXYGEN Abstract of the Disclosure A process for the higher selective production of acetic acid by the catalytic oxidation with oxygen of ethane, or ethylene, or mixtures thereof, in contact with a mixed catalyst composition containing (A) a calcined mixed oxides catalyst of the formula: MoxVyZz wherein Z represents nothing or a metal from a group of metals as hereinafter defined and (B) is an ethylene hydration catalyst and/or an ethylene oxidation catalyst.

Acetic acid from ethane, ethylene and oxygen

The process for preparing nonionic surfactants wherein a narrower molecular weight distribution is obtained by the use of a calcium and/or strontium catalyst which comprises reacting a reactive hydrogen compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and a difunctional polypropylene oxide polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 5000 with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which the reaction proceeds in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of a basic salt of calcium and/or strontium selected from the group consisting of hydroxide, alkoxide and phenoxides and a catalytic amount of an oxyalkylation catalyst promoter.

Process for preparing nonionic surfactants by an oxyalkylation with calcium and/or strontium catalysts

A process for low temperature oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene uses an improved supported catalyst produced by impregnating the support with the soluble portion of a precursor catalyst solution and then activating the impregnated support. The activated impregnated support provides good selectivity to ethylene and avoids the problems which can arise from impregnation of the support with the soluble and insoluble portions of a precursor catalyst solution.

Process for preparing a supported catalyst for the oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene

A process is provided for the reaction of an organic compound having an active hydrogen such as alcohols, phenols, polyols, acids, and amines with epoxides in the presence of a basic salt of an alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium, and barium which is soluble in the reactants and the reaction products to prepare products having a narrower molecular weight distribution.

James Herndon Mccain

Papers

Process for oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene

Acetic acid from ethane, ethylene and oxygen

Process for preparing nonionic surfactants by an oxyalkylation with calcium and/or strontium catalysts

Process for preparing a supported catalyst for the oxydehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene

Process for reaction of epoxides with organic compounds having an active hydrogen