https://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/seoc/2005_2006/resources/statecharts.pdf

Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems

The problem of multiprogram scheduling on a single processor is studied from the viewpoint of the characteristics peculiar to the program functions that need guaranteed service. It is shown that an optimum fixed priority scheduler possesses an upper bound to processor utilization which may be as low as 70 percent for large task sets. It is also shown that full processor utilization can be achieved by dynamically assigning priorities on the basis of their current deadlines. A combination of these two scheduling techniques is also discussed.

/pdf/scheduling-algorithms-for-multiprogramming-in-a-hard-real-2wrykzf7cj.pdf

Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment

物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

1 Why develop an ontology? In recent years the development of ontologies—explicit formal specifications of the terms in the domain and relations among them (Gruber 1993)—has been moving from the realm of ArtificialIntelligence laboratories to the desktops of domain experts. Ontologies have become common on the World-Wide Web. The ontologies on the Web range from large taxonomies categorizing Web sites (such as on Yahoo!) to categorizations of products for sale and their features (such as on Amazon.com). The WWW Consortium (W3C) is developing the Resource Description Framework (Brickley and Guha 1999), a language for encoding knowledge on Web pages to make it understandable to electronic agents searching for information. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the W3C, is developing DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) by extending RDF with more expressive constructs aimed at facilitating agent interaction on the Web (Hendler and McGuinness 2000). Many disciplines now develop standardized ontologies that domain experts can use to share and annotate information in their fields. Medicine, for example, has produced large, standardized, structured vocabularies such as SNOMED (Price and Spackman 2000) and the semantic network of the Unified Medical Language System (Humphreys and Lindberg 1993). Broad general-purpose ontologies are emerging as well. For example, the United Nations Development Program and Dun & Bradstreet combined their efforts to develop the UNSPSC ontology which provides terminology for products and services (www.unspsc.org). An ontology defines a common vocabulary for researchers who need to share information in a domain. It includes machine-interpretable definitions of basic concepts in the domain and relations among them. Why would someone want to develop an ontology? Some of the reasons are:

/pdf/ontology-development-101-a-guide-to-creating-your-first-2c6x0j449d.pdf

Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology

This article contrasts traditional versus end-user computing environments and report on the development of an instrument which merges ease of use and information product items to measure the satisfaction of users who directly interact with the computer for a specific application. Using a survey of 618 end users, the researchers conducted a factor analysis and modified the instrument. The results suggest a 12-item instrument that measures five components of end-user satisfaction - content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness. Evidence of the instrument's discriminant validity is presented. Reliability and validity is assessed by nature and type of application. Finally, standards for evaluating end-user applications are presented, and the instrument's usefulness for achieving more precision in research questions is explored.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/248851.pdf

The measurement of end-user computing satisfaction

Addresses the difficulties encountered in founding analysis techniques on a particular technology. It goes back to "first principles" and building an object-oriented foundation, and teaches both the underlying philosophy of object orientation and its practical usage. In addition, it suggests an approach that does not model reality - rather one that models the way reality is understood by people; presents useful object-oriented techniques that can be employed before plunging ahead into "physical" design and programming; and emphasizes conceptual, rather than physical object-oriented considerations for planning, analyzing and designing systems.

Object-oriented analysis and design

Rapid Application Development

Presents the concepts and techniques that support almost any system development approach, involving computers, people or machines. This book considers object structure, object behaviour and concepts like composition, diagrams, meta-modelling and power types. It also outlines design considerations.

Object-oriented methods: A foundation

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the design of man computer dialogues is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.

James Martin

Papers

Object-oriented analysis and design

Rapid Application Development

Object-oriented methods: A foundation

Design of Man-Computer Dialogues

Computer Data-Base Organization