Certain developments contributed to disinterest in research on the environs of the black middle class in favor of intensive study of the black urban poor. One example is the theory that civil right...

The Limits of Out-Migration for the Black Middle Class

Standard measures of residential segregation tend to equate spatial with social proximity. This assumption has been increasingly subject to critique among demographers and ethnographers and becomes...

https://paa2014.princeton.edu/papers/140747

The Historical Demography of Racial Segregation

Bargaining for Security: The Rise of the Pension and Social Insurance Program of the United Steelworkers of America, 1941-1960 Henry E. Himes III This dissertation charts the United Steelworkers of America’s (USWA) quest to win long term welfare security for its members from 1941 to 1960. The study focuses on external and internal events and issues that led the union to seek pensions and social insurance at the bargaining table in 1949, and ultimately, to enhance their private security at the bargaining table throughout the 1950s. Although labor’s ability to influence the passage of national health care was greatly curtailed by a rise in conservative politics during World War II and the immediate postwar era, issues beyond politics also played a role in the USWA’s decision to bargain for security in 1949. Chief among these issues was a postwar retiree crisis that began in 1946. In that year, steel companies such as Inland Steel and US Steel began to force retiree steelworkers who reach the age of 65 with little to no long-term economic security. The postwar retiree crisis thus ignited a swell of rank and file demands on union leaders to bargain for better forms of private insurance and to use the union’s bargaining power to end the arbitral and paternalistic nature of welfare capitalism. Consequently in 1949, after a significant strike, the USWA won a pension and social insurance program, which the union worked to expand and enhance throughout the 1950s. Although the union had used its bargaining power to secure one of the finest pensions and social insurance programs in American industry, private insurance programs were plagued by ever rising costs that ate into the wage gains of steelworkers. By 1960, after a two-year internal study of its pension and social insurance program, the USWA concluded that the indemnity (fee-forservice) insurance model was deficient and incapable of delivering the comprehensive and prepaid security the union demanded. Beyond the direct issue of welfare security, this study also sheds light on the internal union dynamics of the USWA in such a critical and influential era in American history. Moreover, the dissertation brings to light a more detailed portrayal and accounting of USWA President, Philip Murray, as he guided the union through World War II and the immediate postwar era.

/pdf/bargaining-for-security-the-rise-of-the-pension-and-social-or7g1l8ajy.pdf

Bargaining for Security: The Rise of the Pension and Social Insurance Program of the United Steelworkers of America, 1941-1960

This study concerns racial/ethnic intermixing in Columbus Ohio and Milwaukee Wisconsin MSAs, representing a Post-Fordist and Historically Fordist economic context. Location quotients for whites and minority-as-a-group provide a general description of intermixing across census tracts (CTs). The relationship between intra-urban intermixing and neighborhood characteristics employs Entropy-type Indices (E') of six racial/ethnic groups for 2000 and 1990-2000 change, regressed against principal components representing demographic, socioeconomic, and built-environment characteristics. A 1/0 dummy variable distinguishes post-Fordist Columbus from Historically Fordist Milwaukee, and E'(1990) is employed as a base variable for 1990-2000 change. We find that CT characteristics related to intermixing are reasonably similar across the MSAs, but that their role in Columbus is more strongly related to greater intermixing. Further, intermixing in Columbus is more extensive and spatially dispersed. Hence, we conclude more...

Racial/Ethnic Intermixing in Intra-Urban Space and Socioeconomic Context: Columbus, Ohio and Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Milwaukee’s two African American Immersion schools—public schools that infused African and African American themes into the state’s prescribed curriculum—officially opened in 1990 and 1991. Inner-c...

Black milwaukee's challenge to the cycle of urban miseducation: Milwaukee's African American Immersion schools

Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915–45. By Joe William Trotter, Jr. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985. xvii plus 302 pp.)

James Oliver Horton

Papers

Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915–45. By Joe William Trotter, Jr. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985. xvii plus 302 pp.)

Patriot Acts: Public History in Public Service