COVID-19 impacts on agriculture and food systems in Nepal: Implications for SDGs.

Nanotechnology is a fast-expanding area with several applications in science, engineering, health, pharmacy, and other fields. Several physical/chemical techniques are often used to manufacture nanoparticles (NPs). Simpler, safer, and more cost-effective green synthesis technologies have recently been developed. The synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in a green/sustainable manner has gotten a lot of interest in the previous quarter. Bioactive components present in organisms such as plants and bacteria enhance the bio-reduction and capping processes. The biogenic synthesis of TiO2 NPs, as well as the synthesis methods and formation process, are discussed in this review. A range of natural reducing agents including proteins, enzymes, phytochemicals, and others, are involved in the synthesis of TiO2 NPs. The physics of antibacterial and photocatalysis applications were also thoroughly discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of current research and future concerns in biologically mediated TiO2 nanostructures-based feasible platforms for industrial applications.

/pdf/a-review-on-green-synthesis-of-tio2-nps-synthesis-and-56z01vxk.pdf

A Review on Green Synthesis of TiO2 NPs: Synthesis and Applications in Photocatalysis and Antimicrobial

Nanotechnology is a fast-expanding area with a wide range of applications in science, engineering, health, pharmacy, and other fields. Nanoparticles (NPs) are frequently prepared via a variety of physical and chemical processes. Simpler, sustainable, and cost-effective green synthesis technologies have recently been developed. The synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in a green/sustainable manner has gotten a lot of interest in the previous quarter. Bioactive components present in organisms such as plants and bacteria facilitate the bio-reduction and capping processes. The biogenic synthesis of TiO2 NPs, as well as the different synthesis methods and mechanistic perspectives, are discussed in this review. A range of natural reducing agents including proteins, enzymes, phytochemicals, and others, are involved in the synthesis of TiO2 NPs. The physics of antibacterial and photocatalysis applications were also thoroughly discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of current research and future concerns in biologically mediated TiO2 nanostructures-based feasible platforms for industrial applications.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/7/1444/pdf?version=1649323057

A Review on Green Synthesis of TiO2 NPs: Photocatalysis and Antimicrobial Applications

The development of the most reliable and green techniques for nanoparticle synthesis is an emerging step in the area of green nanotechnology. Many conventional approaches used for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis are expensive, deadly, and nonenvironmental. In this new era of nanotechnology, to overcome such concerns, natural sources which work as capping and reducing agents, including bacteria, fungi, biopolymers, and plants, are suitable candidates for synthesizing AgNPs. The surface morphology and applications of AgNPs are significantly pretentious to the experimental conditions by which they are synthesized. Available scattered information on the synthesis of AgNPs comprises the influence of altered constraints and characterization methods such as FTIR, UV–vis, DLS, SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, etc. and their properties and applications. This review focuses on all the above-mentioned natural sources that have been used for AgNP synthesis recently. The green routes to synthesize AgNPs have established effective applications in various areas, including biosensors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cancer treatment, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), antimicrobial agents, drug delivery, gene therapy, DNA analysis, etc. The existing boundaries and prospects for metal nanoparticle synthesis by the green route are also discussed herein.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.2c01400

Green Route Synthesis and Characterization Techniques of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Biological Adeptness

A sustainable supply of pure water is a great challenge in most developing and third-world countries. Nanomaterial-based technology offers technological development for wastewater purification. Nanocatalysis hydrogenation of nitroarene and dye molecules is a hot model in many research fields. Herein, we report eco-friendly and facile technology to synthesize Ag-Au bimetallic nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized nanocomposite can efficiently degrade Congo red and 4-nitrophenol in water and in the presence of sodium borohydride. The results show that it degrades Congo red and 4-nitrophenol entirely within 6 and 7 min, respectively. These results could be useful for the green synthesis of Ag-Au bimetallic nanocomposites and help to remove organic dye molecules and nitroaromatics from wastewater.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3318/pdf

Green Synthesis of Ag-Au Bimetallic Nanocomposites Using Waste Tea Leaves Extract for Degradation Congo Red and 4-Nitrophenol

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tea Leaves from Three Different Elevations

The official announcement of COVID-19 as a global pandemic on 11 March 2020 by WHO, the world economy has abruptly declined, billions of people are in lockdown, maintaining self-isolation.
In this survey, 150 respondents were selected randomly and this survey intends to highlight the impact of lockdown in agriculture Students on their education along with their response towards pros and cons.
This survey shows that maximum respondent, around 52% of them found lockdown beneficial in the sense that it has helped to neutralize the gravity of viral infection and 48% of them doesn’t found it beneficial as their educational schedule has been halted. The practical education of a student is disturbed due to lockdown and now they are utilizing this period involving in online courses, training, and webinars.
Many of them couldn’t have access to the internet to catch the session, thus the government should initiate policy in education through a long term perspective so that no pandemic could interfere with the educational institution in digital world.

/pdf/impact-of-covid-19-lockdown-on-agriculture-education-in-2wsdmlaq8x.pdf

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Agriculture Education in Nepal: An Online survey

Abstract Wheat is one of the important cereal crops in Nepal as well as globally. But due to varied climatic and sowing conditions low production has been reported throughout the world including Nepal. Sowing rates are highly correlated to yield and its yield attributing characters. Yield loss has been reported 50-62% under a late sown condition which shows a heavy threat to food security problems. Vijaya is the most recommended varieties under late sown conditions due to its high yield and less threat to late sown conditions. Thus identification and release of varieties suitable under late sown conditions are of the utmost importance. Researches should be accelerated under different agro-ecological zones to study the constraints associated with late sown wheat in Nepal.

/pdf/impacts-of-sowing-and-climatic-conditions-on-wheat-yield-in-2xwl2ucxe0.pdf

Impacts of sowing and climatic conditions on wheat yield in Nepal

The precise measurement of the specific conductivity of sodium deoxycholate in pure water and ethanolwater mixed solvent media containing 0.10 and 0.20 volume fraction of ethanol at 303.15 K are reported. The concentration were varied from ~ 0.01 mol L -1 to ~ 0.0002 mol L -1 .The conductivity of sodium deoxycholate decreases with the increase in the volume fraction of ethanol. The critical micelle concentration of sodium deoxycholate increases with the increase in the volume fraction of ethanol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v9i0.7176 BIBECHANA 9 (2013) 63-68

/pdf/effect-of-solvent-composition-on-the-critical-micelle-itcb5uh02j.pdf

Effect of solvent composition on the critical micelle concentration of sodium deoxycholate in ethanol-water mixed solvent media

An Ethnomedicinal survey study was conducted to get information about the usage of medicinal plants and the diversity of species found around the village. The main objective of the study was to document the plants for their medicinal and other uses. Ethnomedicinal plants are locally available used by tribal communities and local inhabitants for various medicinal purposes. Random sampling survey was conducted by selecting 50 households to access the medicinal plants and document their usage in Gokuleshwor, Baitadi. A total of 33 species of medicinal plants to treat 40 ailments was reported with their multipurpose use. During the survey, an equal proportion of males and females aged 14 to 78 were selected randomly. The literacy rate of the study area was 80% and 94% of the people were found to be involved in the collection of medicinal plants. The majority of the respondents (92%) used medicinal plants for minor diseases like cuts, wounds whereas few were found to use the medicinal plant for a long time to treat major diseases like cancer, tumor. The use of medicinal plants for skin infections, cuts and wounds, fever was found to be high followed by diarrhea, common cold, ulcer, asthma, jaundice, burns, piles, and eye inflammation. Most of the plants were found to be used for more than one disease. The conservation of Indigenous knowledge on the Ethnomedicinal plant should be promoted as most of the respondents were unaware of the conservation of medicinal plants.

Janak Adhikari

Papers

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tea Leaves from Three Different Elevations

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Agriculture Education in Nepal: An Online survey

Impacts of sowing and climatic conditions on wheat yield in Nepal

Effect of solvent composition on the critical micelle concentration of sodium deoxycholate in ethanol-water mixed solvent media

A case study of medicinal plants and their usage by the local community of Dilasaini Gaunpalika, Baitadi district, Nepal