The Dark Triad at work: How toxic employees get their way

Gender differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors are typically believed to be large, yet recent evidence suggests that some gender differences in sexuality are much smaller than common knowledge would suggest. This article reviews gender differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors as reported by major meta-analyses and large datasets. In particular, this article reviews gender differences in heterosexual intercourse, masturbation, pornography use, attitudes toward premarital sex, and gender differences in same-gender sexuality. Evolutionary psychology, social cognitive learning theory, and social structural theory are explored as possible explanations for gender differences in sexuality.

Gender Differences in Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors: A Review of Meta-Analytic Results and Large Datasets

Daniel Goleman, the literary catalyst for worldwide interest in emotional intelligence, sets the stage for this groundbreaking book in his foreword explaining its landmark importance. People can be educated to be more emotionally intelligent, and this particular type of education takes place through a specific type of parenting at home, formal education at school, and training and coaching at work. As a result of this education, extensively described in this comprehensive book, people's lives can be improved; they can become more effective, productive and content in what they do. Some of the best known researchers, professors and practitioners worldwide team up in this work to recognize and reflect the rapidly growing global interest in scientifically-based applications of emotional intelligence in education, to show readers the diverse applications of EI, and to guide them in applying what is known about this topic. The breadth of coverage, array of experts, international scope and clear, practical tone of this book will appeal to parents, educators, psychologists, counselors, trainers, and corporate coaches, mental health and human resource practitioners and healthcare providers. Parents and educators need to perform their caregiving roles and teach with emotional intelligence if children are to develop the skills and discernment needed to cope with the complexities of an increasingly globalized world. Workplaces that apply emotional intelligence are more pleasant places in which to work, provide a more fulfilling experience for employees and are, in the end, more productive organizations. Emotional intelligence can be developed by most individuals to increase performance in many areas of life. And a growing body of evidence indicates EI skills may improve physical health, as well as mental health. This book will become a benchmark for future researchers and practitioners.

Educating People to Be Emotionally Intelligent

This book gives an excellent account of current knowledge of the control of human growth from conception to the end of the adolescent growth spurt. One important principle derived from experimental observation is that a cessation of growth at the time of growth by cell division has permanent sequelae. Regrowth starts at a rate appropriate to chronological age. In contrast, a cessation at the time of growth by cell enlargement has no permanent aftereffects and 'catch-up' is usually complete. The section on growth before birth includes the recent information obtained by ultrasonography. In accordance with the principle stated above, retardation of growth in the first half of pregnancy tends to be associated with permanent small size and mental retardation. Later retardation, due to maternal malnutrition or small maternal size, tends to be followed by full catch-up growth if postnatal conditions are favourable. The section on the development of sexual dimorphism incorporates recent developments in endocrinology. Particularly striking is the narrow sensitive period in the rat (just 5 days after birth) in which the hypothalamus is switched to the male pattern of non-cyclical activity by testosterone. It is not yet known whether there is a corresponding similar sensitive period (this would be the 12th to 14th weeks after conception) in man. Again, in the rat there is evidence of similar critical differentiation of a centre controlling mating behaviour. The account of the endocrine control of growth includes the recent advances in knowledge of the regulation of secretion of pituitary growth hormone which in man controls the production of somatomedin. The section on genetic and environmental influences over the control of adult stature is wellbalanced, though the author does attempt an estimation of heritability. Chinese and Japanese children, even under optimal conditions, are smaller than north Europeans, and are even shorter when full-grown because of earlier maturity (menarche is about 6 months earlier). Negroes, and, even more, Australian aboriginals, have relatively greater leg length in relation to sitting height than Chinese and Japanese, while Europeans are intermediate in this respect. These are genetic differences. It is noteworthy that differences in Sweden in full adult height by social class of parents appear to have disappeared. Further, the secular increase in full adult stature appears to be coming to an end in northern Europe. These were presumably environmental effects. Professor Tanner does not discuss the origin or the duration of the secular change, but it is the reviewer's belief that much of it represents a recovery from the stunting of children associated with the chronic malnutrition and long hours of work of young children at the time of the industrial revolution. Professor Tanner gives an equally well-balanced account of the controversial topic of the effects of malnutrition on brain growth. A long chapter on the Standards of Normal Growth reflects the expertise and extensive experience of the author and his colleagues in longitudinal growth studies, including a convenient method of allowing for parental height in estimating a child's expected position in relation to his peers. Here, perhaps, the author might have included an explanation of the genetic reasons why individual children in a family tend to vary widely round the midparental mean, and why a child's height at age 10 (even after correcting for skeletal age) is only of limited value in predicting his full adult height. The books ends with an admirably complete set of references. C. 0. CARTER

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/jmedgenet/16/1/81.1.full.pdf

Foetus into Man. Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity

Psychopathy or psychopathic personality disorder represents a constellation of traits characterized by superficial charm, egocentricity, irresponsibility, fearlessness, persistent violation of social norms, and a lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse. Factor analyses of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI)typically yield two factors: Fearless Dominance (FD) and Self-Centered Impulsivity (SCI). Additionally, the Coldheartedness (CH) subscale typically does not load on either factor. The current paper includes a meta-analysis of studies that have examined theoretically important correlates of the two PPI factors and CH. Results suggest that (a) FD and SCI are orthogonal or weakly correlated, (b) each factor predicts distinct (and sometimes opposite) correlates, and (c) the FD factor is not highly correlated with most other measures of psychopathy. This pattern of results raises important questions about the relation between FD and SCI and the role of FD in conceptualizations of psychopathy. Our findings also indicate the need for future studies using the two-factor model of the PPI to conduct moderational analyses to examine potential interactions between FD and SCI in the prediction of important criterion measures.

The two-factor model of psychopathic personality: Evidence from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory.

Although there is strong meta-analytical evidence that deviant sexual interest in children is a major risk factor for recidivism in child sex offenders, the assessment of deviant sexual interest with self-report or phallometric measures is problematic. As an alternative approach for assessment, the Explicit and Implicit Sexual Interest Profile (EISIP) is introduced. It features direct self-report and indirect latency-based measures (Implicit Association Tests [IATs] and viewing time measures) of sexual interest in adults and children. The reliability and validity of the EISIP was investigated using a selected sample of child sex offenders (n = 38) and offender (n = 37) and nonoffender (n = 38) controls. Among the indirect measures, viewing time measures showed higher reliability and convergent and criterion validity than the IATs. However, the IATs independently accounted for criterion variance in multivariate analyses. The combined indirect measures showed good discriminative validity between child sex offenders and controls.

https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/17964/1/Banse%2c%20Schmidt%2c%20%26%20Clarbour.2010.EISIP.pdf

Indirect Measures of Sexual Interest in Child Sex Offenders A Multimethod Approach

Psychopathy has long been associated with increased use of direct aggression and violence, especially among male inmates. Little research has, of yet, considered the relation between psychopathy and indirect forms of aggression. The current research sought to investigate the relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression in a noncriminal sample. The results indicated that there was a strong relationship between psychopathic traits and indirect aggression, with strong correlations between indirect aggression and both factor 1 (coldheartedness) and factor 3 (impulsive antisociality). This association remained significant even after the effects of direct aggression had been controlled for. Path analysis indicated that both direct and indirect aggression was underpinned by the same psychopathy factors. This suggests that high psychopathy scorers will utilize direct and indirect aggression equally and, as such, the choice of one type of aggression over the other may be dependant on either situational factors or external moderators. Aggr. Behav. 35:408–421, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression use in a noncriminal population

Background: Research on children's emotional behaviour has been hampered by the lack of psychometric assessment scales. The present study reports on the construction and validation of a new self-report instrument to measure the emotional response styles of adolescents.



Method:  Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on the responses of three samples of adolescents aged between 11 and 14 years (total = 609) to an item pool derived from a scenario study. In addition to assessing reliability, the final form of the questionnaire was concurrently validated using a variety of related psychometric instruments as well as teacher ratings of pupils’ behaviour.



Results:  The factor analyses of the item pool yielded three independent factors labelled social anxiety, malevolent aggression, and social self-esteem. These categories correspond closely to the three dimensions that have emerged consistently from studies of children's temperament, labelled inhibited, undercontrolled and well-adjusted. The three factors comprising the final Emotional Behaviour Scale (EBS) all demonstrated satisfactory internal (coefficient alpha) and re-test reliability. Concurrent validation showed that the three factors were related in predictable ways to other related constructs, and comparisons with teacher ratings of pupils confirmed the relationship between the EBS subscales and children's actual social and emotional behaviour.



Conclusion:  The new scale offers a valid and reliable instrument for assessing adolescent emotional behaviour, and current work is aimed at extending the research to the assessment of young offenders.

The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotional response style in adolescents

OBJECTIVES:: To examine whether individuals who experienced a childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk for subsequent offending behavior, to identify the emotional characteristics of adults who experienced childhood TBI, and to examine whether these predict offending behavior. PARTICIPANTS:: Individuals from the Canterbury region who had experienced a childhood ( Language: en

Predicting adult offending behavior for individuals who experienced a traumatic brain injury during childhood.

Suicide-related behaviour amongst adult male offenders within the Prison Service is currently at record levels. However, the impact of this behaviour on prison officers has been largely overlooked....

Jane Clarbour

Papers

Indirect Measures of Sexual Interest in Child Sex Offenders A Multimethod Approach

Relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression use in a noncriminal population

The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotional response style in adolescents

Predicting adult offending behavior for individuals who experienced a traumatic brain injury during childhood.

Prison officers’ experiences of working with adult male offenders who engage in suicide-related behaviour