This book proposes a framework for comparative analysis of the relation between the media and the political system Building on a survey of media institutions in eighteen West European and North American democracies, Hallin and Mancini identify the principal dimensions of variation in media systems and the political variables that have shaped their evolution They go on to identify three major models of media system development, the Polarized Pluralist, Democratic Corporatist, and Liberal models; to explain why the media have played a different role in politics in each of these systems; and to explore the force of change that are currently transforming them It provides a key theoretical statement about the relation between media and political systems, a key statement about the methodology of comparative analysis in political communication, and a clear overview of the variety of media institutions that have developed in the West, understood within their political and historical context

Comparing Media Systems: three models of media and politics

Shaw and McKay's influential theory of community social disorganization has never been directly tested. To address this, a community-level theory that builds on Shaw and McKay's original model is formulated and tested. The general hypothesis is that low economic status, ethnic heterogeneity, residential mobility, and family disruption lead to community social disorganization, which, in turn, increases crime and delinquency rates. A community's level of social organization is measured in terms of local friendship networks, control of street-corner teenage peer groups, and prevalence of organizational participation. The model is first tested by analyzing data for 238 localities in Great Britain constructed from a 1982 national survey of 10,905 residents. The model is then replicated on an independent national sample of 11,030 residents of 300 British localities in 1984. Results from both surveys support the theory and show that between-community variations in social disorganization transmit much of the effect of community structural characteristics on rates of both criminal victimization and criminal offending.

https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3226955/Sampson_CommunityStructureCrime.pdf?sequence=2

Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory

Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia.

After a period of decline in the discipline, the social disorganization model of Shaw and McKay is again beginning to appear in the literature. This paper examines five criticisms of the perspective and discusses recent attempts to address those issues and problems that are still in need of resolution.

Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: problems and prospects*

We examine various approaches to explaining ethnic enterprise, using a framework based on three dimensions: an ethnic group's access to opportunities, the characteristics of a group, and emergent strategies A common theme pervades research on ethnic business: Ethnic groups adapt to the resources made available by their environments, which vary substantially across societies and over time Four issues emerge as requiring greater attention: the reciprocal relation between ethnicity and entrepreneurship, more careful use of ethnic labels and categories in research, a need for more multigroup, comparative research, and more process-oriented research designs

Ethnicity and Entrepreneurship

REFORM IN THE NEW SOUTH WALES POLICE AFTER APPOINTMENT OF JOHN AVERY AS COMMISSIONER IN 1984.

Changing Police Culture

Книга основана на обширном исследовании репортерской деятельности группой канадских социологов, исходивших из конструктивистского представления о медиа-производстве как о процессе, в котором новость появляется в результате взаимодействия журналистов с их источниками. Авторы ставят задачу изучить это взаимодействие, определить степень взаимозависимости сторон, их стратегии и влияние их отношений на конечный продукт и на знание общества о самом себе. Опираясь на ряд положений Ирвинга Гоффмана, авторы предлагают классификацию журналистских стратегий по отношению к источникам и далее рассматривают весь комплекс их взаимоотношений с такими источниками как суды, полиция, парламент и частный сектор.

Negotiating Control: A Study of News Sources

Police culture is often considered as both a cause of police deviance and an obstacle for police reform. In this case study of police racism and police reform in Australia, the author provides a critical assessment of police initiative in response to the problem of police/minorities relations. The book examines the dynamics of change and resistance within a police organisation and captures the complexity and unpredictability of the change process. It questions the utility of the traditional conception of police culture and proposes a new framework for understanding the inter-relationships between the structural conditions of police work, police cultural knowledge, and police practice. A highly original and valuable contribution to policing studies, this book is both empirically rich and theoretically informed.

Janet Chan

Papers

Changing Police Culture

Negotiating Control: A Study of News Sources

Changing Police Culture: Policing in a Multicultural Society

Representing Order: Crime, Law, and Justice in the News Media

Visualizing Deviance: A Study of News Organization