Colostrum immunoglobulins: Processing, preservation and application aspects

Colostrum is the first milk produced post-partum by mammals and is compositionally distinct from mature milk. Bovine colostrum has a long history of consumption by humans, and there have been a number of studies investigating its potential for applications in human nutrition and health. Extensive characterization of the constituent fractions has identified a wealth of potentially bioactive molecules, their potential for shaping neonatal development, and the potential for their application beyond the neonatal period. Proteins, fats, glycans, minerals, and vitamins are abundant in colostrum, and advances in dairy processing technologies have enabled the advancement of bovine colostrum from relative limitations of a fresh and unprocessed food to a variety of potential applications. In these forms, clinical studies have examined bovine colostrum as having the substantial potential to improve human health. This review discusses the macro-and micronutrient composition of colostrum as well as describing well-characterized bioactives found in bovine colostrum and their potential for human health. Current gaps in knowledge are also identified and future directions are considered in order to elevate the potential for bovine colostrum as a component of a healthy diet for a variety of relevant human populations.

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Bovine Colostrum and Its Potential for Human Health and Nutrition.

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:582428/UQ582428_OA.pdf

Magnesium in milk

Bovine colostrum (BC) consists of highly concentrated nutritional and bioactive components after parturition. BC supplements are promoted for prevention and management of neurological disorders (dementia, cognition, Parkinsons disease, and Alzheimers disease), cardiovascular diseases, immunity-related and allergy problems, skin disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, gut microbial symbiosis as well as type-2 diabetes, and improved athletic performance. This review provides succinct insights into emerging evidence from preclinical and clinical studies which suggest that BC constituents have enormous potential in nutraceuticals and non-pharmacological therapies. The overall composition, factors affecting, traditional and commercial products, health attributes of bovine colostrum particularly, B-type vitamins, oligosaccharides, immunoglobins, growth factors and the role of lactoferrin and lactalbumin in cancer therapy, are also briefly explained. Naturally produced bioactive components, immunoglobulins lay the foundation of life-long immunity, while the other components in colostrum promote growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract as well as promote differentiation of bone marrow stem cells, increase lean muscle mass, and decrease the body fat level. The bovine colostrum is rich in versatile ironbinding lactoferrin that has strong anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-microbial properties. Additionally, BC products like ginna, kharwas, aguz, and processed BC supplements like colostrum powder, capsules, and infant-formulas are marketed by many companies all over the world. Considering the escalating cost of synthetic drugs, people in developing countries are desperately looking for affordable and cost-effective therapies for curing the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and infectious diseases. It will be interesting to see if BC might have viricidal effects against COVID-19 virus.

Nutritional attributes of bovine colostrum components in human health and disease: A comprehensive review

Bioinformatics and cheminformatics tools such as databases play an increasingly important role in modern science. They are commonly used in biological and medical sciences and they have many applications in food science. Databases listing biologically active compounds contribute to the design of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Databases of toxic or allergenic compounds are useful for food safety evaluations. This review presents examples of freely available databases (without obligatory registration) listing major groups of bioactive components. The main categories of compounds annotated in online databases include nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, and low-molecular-weight compounds. Other categories of database entries are also discussed, including enzymes, allergens and their epitopes, flavor-enhancing compounds, as well as toxic substances. The last section of the review focuses on metabases, which are Web sites that create access to multiple databases.

Biological and Chemical Databases for Research into the Composition of Animal Source Foods

Introduction Food manufacturers compete on the market, introducing innovative products. Functional products, which show a beneficial impact on human health over the one which comes from the basic product component, are becoming increasingly important. Since a few years researchers underline a huge importance of colostrum in this trade. ‘First milk’ is significantly richer in biologically active peptides, immunologic components and growth factors than later milk. Aim In the article an overview of literature concerning the meaning of bovine colostrum in human nutrition and its therapeutic properties was performed. Discussion A vast research which was conducted on animals, as well as in strict laboratory conditions (in vitro, in vivo) confirm clinical benefits of colostrum. A number of analyses is still conducted, which additionally refer to the design of the appropriate dose and time of treatment with colostrum. Colostrum is considered a fully safe substance. To this moment, even with very high doses, very few side effects were noted. The main functions of the colostrum are supplying the organism with essential nutrients which strengthen the immune system, stimulation of the immune system response, maintaining the intestinal microflora and tissue regeneration acceleration. Conclusions Summing up, further use of products based on colostrum both in healthy individuals – prevention, as well as with some diseases is justified. The interest in questioned substance is rising due to vast scientific and clinical research underlining the significance of colostrum in feeding of human beings. Scientists predict that products based on colostrum may play a significant role on the functional products market in the future.

Properties of bovine colostrum and the possibilities of use

Quality traits of meat from young Limousin, Charolais and Hereford bulls.

Basic and mineral composition of colostrum from cows in different ages and calving period

The milk yield of 24 934 cows from herds monitored by the National Animal Breeding Center, Branch in Olsztyn, was analyzed. The data were collected in the years 1997–2006. The cows were divided into three groups, based on herd size: group I of up to 20 cows, group II of 21–50 cows and group III of more than 50 cows. Additional criteria for the above division were the number of successive 305-day lactations and full lactations as well as the length of inter-calving intervals. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herd size on the yield and proximate composition of milk in active cattle populations in farms in north-eastern Poland over a ten-year period, taking into account lactations of normal length and full lactations, inter-calving interval (ICI) duration and lifetime cow productivity. The average yield over 305-day lactations was 6579 kg milk (6723 kg FCM), 273 kg fat (4.15%), 213 kg protein (3.24%), 309 kg lactose (4.70%) and 841 kg dry matter (12.78%). Cows in the largest herds (> 50 head) were characterized by the highest productivity, and cows in the smallest herds (≤ 20 head) – by the lowest. The latter produced milk with the highest fat content (4.16%) and the lowest protein content (3.21%). In herds comprising more than 50 animals, cows with the longest ICI (> 525 days) were marked by the highest milk production in full lactations (11 010 kg). As regards lifetime productivity, the highest values were noted in cows used for 3.44 years in the smallest herds (19 809 kg milk). In the largest herds cows were used for the shortest period of time (3.31 years), and their lifetime productivity reached 17 185 kg milk.

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The effect of herd size on the yield and proximate composition of milk in active cattle populations in the region of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland).

The study was conducted in the years 2006–2008. The experimental materials comprised 368 Holstein-Friesian cows purchased from Germany as in-calf heifers. The objective of this study was to determine the health status of cows in a commercial herd kept in the Olsztyn region, based on the type and incidence of diseases that occurred during three consecutive lactations, and to analyze the effect of these diseases on milk yield and composition in the first, second and third lactation cycle. The cows were divided into five groups: HEA – clinically healthy cows (showing no disease symptoms), MAS – cows with mastitis, LAM – cows with foot/leg defects and lameness, REP – cows with reproductive problems (retention of the placenta, endometritis, ovarian cysts), MET – cows with metabolic diseases (ketosis, abomasal displacement). It was found that the most common diseases during three consecutive lactations in the investigated herd were endometritis (37.63%) which occurred soon after calving (on day 18 post-partum), mastitis (35.48%), formation of ovarian cysts (10.10%), ketosis (8.39%) and leg/foot defects (6.44%). Retention of the placenta and abomasal displacement were diagnosed much less frequently (1.62% and 0.34% respectively). The percentage of healthy cows decreased in successive lactations (19.81% in the first lactation, 12.28% in the second lactation, 6.22% in the third lactation). During each lactation, more than one third of cows suffered from mastitis. The proportion of cows showing the symptoms of ketosis increased with age, from 5.12% in the first lactation to 12.23% in the third lactation. The highest yields of milk and milk components over a 305-day lactation cycle were noted in cows with reproductive diseases (ROZ). Foot/led defects and lameness (LAM), mastitis (MAS) and metabolic diseases (MET) had the most significant effect on a decrease in milk production.

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Janina Pogorzelska

Papers

Properties of bovine colostrum and the possibilities of use

Quality traits of meat from young Limousin, Charolais and Hereford bulls.

Basic and mineral composition of colostrum from cows in different ages and calving period

The effect of herd size on the yield and proximate composition of milk in active cattle populations in the region of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland).

Effect of disease incidence on the milk performance of high-yielding cows in successive lactations.