Studies investigating the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among trans individuals have identified elevated rates of psychopathology. Research has also provided conflicting psychiatric outcomes following gender-confirming medical interventions. This review identifies 38 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies describing prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric outcomes, pre- and post-gender-confirming medical interventions, for people with gender dysphoria. It indicates that, although the levels of psychopathology and psychiatric disorders in trans people attending services at the time of assessment are higher than in the cis population, they do improve following gender-confirming medical intervention, in many cases reaching normative values. The main Axis I psychiatric disorders were found to be depression and anxiety disorder. Other major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, were rare and were no more prevalent than in the general population. There was conflicting evidence regarding gender differences: some studies found higher psychopathology in trans women, while others found no differences between gender groups. Although many studies were methodologically weak, and included people at different stages of transition within the same cohort of patients, overall this review indicates that trans people attending transgender health-care services appear to have a higher risk of psychiatric morbidity (that improves following treatment), and thus confirms the vulnerability of this population.

Mental health and gender dysphoria: A review of the literature

* PART I: A NEW VIEW OF WOMEN'S SEXUAL PROBLEMS * A New View of Women's Sexual Problems * PART II: COMMENTARIES ON THE DOCUMENT: A NEW VIEW OF WOMEN'S SEXUAL PROBLEMS * "A New View of Women's Sexual Problems"-A Family Physician's Response * The Taming of the Screw: Reflections on "A New View of Women's Sexual Problems" * Evidence for the Importance of Relationship Satisfaction for Women's Sexual Functioning * Beyond STD Prevention: Implications of the New View of Women's Sexual Problems * The New View and Latina Sexualities: "Pero no soy una maquina!" * Reaching the Hard to Reach: Implications of the New View of Women's Sexual Problems * Sex Therapy with "A New View" * An Israeli Sex Therapist Considers a New View of Women's Sexual Problems * New View of Women's Sexuality: The Case of Costa Rica * New View of Women's Sexuality: The Case of India * PART III: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THEORY AND RESEARCH ON WOMEN'S SEXUALITIES * Arriving at a "New View" of Women's Sexual Problems: Background, Theory, and Activism * Embodying Orgasm: Gendered Power Relations and Sexual Pleasure * A New Paradigm for Women's Sexual Orientation: Implications for Therapy * On the Outside Looking In: In Search of Women's Sexual Experience * Gendered Messages in Sex Ed Films: Trend and Implications for Female Sexual Problems * A Research Inquiry into Some American Women's Sexual Concerns and Problems * Not Tonight Dear, I'm Deconstructing a Headache: Confessions of a Lesbian Sex Therapist * Epilogue: The Demiurge Remaps the Semi-Urge * What's in a Disorder: A Cultural Analysis of Medical and Pharmaceutical Constructions of Male and Female Sexual Dysfunctions * Female Adolescent Sexuality: An Argument for a Developmental Perspective on the New View of Women's Sexual Problems * Orgasms for Sale: The Role of Profit and Politics in Addressing Women's Sexual Satisfaction * Index * Reference Notes Included

A New View of Women's Sexual Problems by the Working Group on a New View of Women's Sexual Problems 1

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Background:Health care professionals exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are facing high levels of stress.Aim:The aim was to evaluate the quality of sleep (QoS) and health-related qualit...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0020764020942800

Quality of sleep and health-related quality of life among health care professionals treating patients with coronavirus disease-19.

Emotional imagery and the defferential diagnosis of anxiety

Background. Investigations in the field of gender identity disorder (GID) have been mostly related to psychiatric comorbidity and severe psychiatric disorders, but have focused less on personality and personality disorders (PDs). Aims. The aim of the study was to assess the presence of PDs in persons with GID as compared to cisgendered (a cisgender person is a person who is content to remain the gender they were assigned at birth) heterosexuals, as well as to biological sex. Methods. The study sample consisted of 30 persons with GID and 30 cisgendered heterosexuals from the general population. The assessment of PDs was conducted by application of the self-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II PDs (SCID-II). Results. Persons with GID compared to cisgender heterosexuals have higher presence of PDs, particularly Paranoid PD, avoidant PDs, and comorbid PDs. In addition, MtF (transwomen are people assigned male at birth who identify as women) persons are characterized by a more severe psychopathological profile. Conclusions. Assessment of PDs in persons with GID is of great importance as it comprises a key part of personalized treatment plan tailoring, as well as a prognostic factor for sex-reassignment surgery (SRS) outcome.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/809058.pdf

Personality disorders in persons with gender identity disorder.

Although obsessive jealousy is a highly disturbing disorder, frequently it goes unrecognized, as most attention is paid to delusional jealousy, being the more prominent clinical phenomenon. In order to distinguish obsessive from delusional jealousy, the basic clinical characteristics of these two types of jealousy are presented, as well as the mechanism of their respective genesis, and the differences which we must be aware of in order to prevent misdiagnosis and consequent wrong treatment choices. The theoretical considerations are supported by case presentations providing a clear picture of the phenomena discussed. Unlike delusional jealousy, characterized by the presence of strong, false beliefs that the partner is unfaithful, individuals with obsessive jealousy suffer from unpleasant and irrational jealous ruminations that the partner could be unfaithful, accompanied by compulsive checking of partners' behaviour, which is recognised by the patient as ego-dystonic. This jealousy resembles obsessive-compulsive phenomenology more closely. Despite the differences, both forms of jealousy result in significant distress for patients and intimate relationships, and carry the risk of abuse, homicide and/or suicide. Delusional jealousy is a psychotic disorder and should be treated mainly with antipsychotics, while obsessive jealousy resembles obsessive-compulsive disorder and should be treated with SSRIs and cognitive-behavioural therapy. Regardless of the presence or absence of insight into the disorder, one of the key factors in the treatment of pathological jealousy is to motivate the sufferers for pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions.

/pdf/obsessive-versus-delusional-jealousy-4w72uz0a2p.pdf

Obsessive versus delusional jealousy.

Objective Patients with primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (pSS) have diminished health quality and fatigue, arthralgia along with dryness of the mouth and eyes have major impact on their psychological and social aspects of life. The purpose of this study was to determine psychological features of patients with pSS. We analyzed personality, depression and anxiety of patients with primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (pSS) in comparison with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls (HC) and assessed their association with sociodemographic factors and comorbidity. Methods In 105 pSS patients (mean age 51.34 years, mean disease duration 5.98 years), 52 RA patients (mean age 51.37 years, mean disease duration 8.10 years) and 54 HC (mean age 51.35 years) clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were determined and results analyzed. At enrollment patients and controls completed the Revisited NEO Personality Inventory Five-Factor model (NEO-PI-R), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS [Version 16.0]. The relative size of the effect was assessed based on standardized estimates of effect size (d). Results Patients with pSS, similarly to RA patients had higher scores of Neuroticism (d = 0.46, p = 0.007) and lower scores of Extraversion (d = 0.51, p = 0.001) and Openness for experience (d = 0.65, p = 0.013) compared to HC. There was no significant differences between pSS group and HC in the depression (d = 0.171, p>0.05). However, patients with pSS had higher anxiety in comparison to HC (p<0.0001). In multivariate models, education and satisfaction with family relationships were significant predictors for psychological characteristics of patients, independently of clinical diagnosis. Conclusions Our study is the first to show that patients with pSS scored high on neuroticism and anxiety and low on sociability. Education and satisfaction with family relationships predisposed to their psychological profile. Psychological assessment of patients with pSS may improve understanding and treatment of this clinical condition.

Personality, depression and anxiety in primary Sjogren's syndrome – Association with sociodemographic factors and comorbidity

Atypical prenatal hormone exposure could be a factor in the development of transsexualism. There is evidence that the 2nd and 4th digit ratio (2D : 4D) associates negatively with prenatal testosterone and positively with estrogens. The aim was to assess the difference in 2D : 4D between female to male transsexuals (FMT) and male to female transsexuals (MFT) and controls. We examined 42 MFT, 38 FMT, and 45 control males and 48 control females. Precise measurements were made by X-rays at the ventral surface of both hands from the basal crease of the digit to the tip using vernier calliper. Control male and female patients had larger 2D : 4D of the right hand when compared to the left hand. Control male’s left hand ratio was lower than in control female’s left hand. There was no difference in 2D : 4D between MFT and control males. MFT showed similar 2D : 4D of the right hand with control women indicating possible influencing factor in embryogenesis and consequently finger length changes. FMT showed the lowest 2D : 4D of the left hand when compared to the control males and females. Results of our study go in favour of the biological aetiology of transsexualism.

/pdf/finger-length-ratios-in-serbian-transsexuals-4wh5o6o7ao.pdf

Finger length ratios in Serbian transsexuals

Background The prevalence of female alcohol and substance abusers has markedly increased. The main objective of this research was to explore personality profiles among females who had alcohol and opiate dependence. Aim The aim of the study is to analyse if there is differences in personality profiles of females addicted to alcohol and opiates. We hypothesized that there might be significant differences in personality profiles among subgroups of women who present with alcohol and opiate use disorders. Subjects and methods Of 157 consecutive women with diagnosis of alcohol/opiate addiction, 62 fulfilled following inclusion criteria: age 19-45 years, abstinence from alcohol and opiates for at least 10 days prior to enrollment. Alcohol-dependent group consisted of 30 females, while opiate-dependent group consisted of 32 females. The control group involved 30 age-matched randomly chosen healthy women. The data were collected using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). The multiple stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine relations between personality traits and the probability of belonging to one of the study groups. Results Significant differences in the NEO-PI-R scores were observed between groups for all main personality traits except for Openness to Experience. Compared with controls, substance-dependent women scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and lower on Conscientiousness. Opiate-dependent females scored the highest on Neuroticism and on Extraversion and lowest on Agreeableness and on Conscientiousness. Alcohol-dependent females scored higher on Conscientiousness and lower on Neuroticism compared to opiate-dependent women. Conclusions The results of our study confirmed significant characteristics in personality profiles among females with alcohol and opiate dependence, as well as the difference between these two groups of substance abusers and their healthy controls. The distinct personality characteristics among different groups of substance addicted women should be taken into account when creating the most effective program of prevention and therapeutic approaches in this specific cohort.

/pdf/five-factor-model-personality-profiles-the-differences-3ibfxcm2i8.pdf

Jasmina Barišić

Papers

Personality disorders in persons with gender identity disorder.

Obsessive versus delusional jealousy.

Personality, depression and anxiety in primary Sjogren's syndrome – Association with sociodemographic factors and comorbidity

Finger length ratios in Serbian transsexuals

Five-Factor Model Personality Profiles: The Differences between Alcohol and Opiate Addiction among Females.