Perchlorate (ClO4-) release into the environment has occurred primarily in association with its manufacture and use in solid rocket propellant. When released into groundwater, perchlorate can spread over large distances because it is highly soluble in water and adsorbs poorly to soil. Two proven techniques to remove perchlorate from drinking water are anaerobic biological reactors and ion exchange. In this review, we focus on the application of microbiological systems for degrading perchlorate. Some bacteria can use perchlorate as an electron acceptor while oxidizing a large range of substrates. Perchlorate-respiring bacteria (PRB) are widely distributed in the environment, and are enriched at perchlorate-contaminated sites. We review the pathways by which PRB degrade perchlorate, and the different biological treatment processes that have been developed to remove perchlorate from water sources. We also discuss the effects of alternate electron acceptors in the water, such as oxygen and nitrate, on perchlo...

Microbial Degradation of Perchlorate: Principles and Applications

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment method which enables a stable nitrogen treatment by removing problems due to calcium components remaining in wastewater containing calcium and nitrogen when treating the wastewater. SOLUTION: In the nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment method, when the wastewater containing calcium and nitrogen is treated in a state of being supplied with inorganic carbon, nitrogen is treated after reducing the concentration of calcium in the wastewater. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment method

Recovery of Ammonium Perchlorate from Obsolete Ammunition and Its Application in Synthesis of Lithium Perchlorate

The subject matter of the present invention is a method for biological purification of an aqueous solution containing ammonium perchlorate and, optionally, also nitrate ions. Said method comprises: a nitrification/denitrification sequence; the nitrification and denitrification steps being carried out, respectively, under aerobic conditions with nitrifying bacteria in the presence of an inorganic carbonaceous substrate and of nutritional elements, under anaerobic conditions with denitrifying bacteria in the presence of an organic carbonaceous substrate and of nutritional elements; and, carried out separately from said at least one nitrification/denitrification sequence, under anaerobic conditions, with perchlorate ion-reducing bacteria, in the presence of an organic carbonaceous substrate and of nutritional elements, a perchlorate reduction step; said perchlorate reduction step being carried out separately from and downstream of said nitrification/denitrification sequence when said aqueous solution contains nitrate ions. Said method is particularly suitable for the purification of aqueous solutions containing ammonium perchlorate and nitrates.

Method for biological purification of an aqueous solution containing ammonium perchlorate and optionally nitrates

To provide an apparatus for treating a nitrate waste liquid that includes a denitrification tank (12A) which accommodates active sludge that adsorbs or takes in the radioactive substance in a nitrate waste liquid (11) and in which an anaerobic microorganism that reduces the nitric acid to nitrogen gas grows, and a reaeration tank (14) in which a denitrification-treated liquid (24) treated in the denitrification tank (12A) is aerated and mixed with active sludge. A pH adjuster (21), a first carbon source (22A) and a second carbon source (22B) different in type from each other, and nitrogen gas (N2) are supplied to the denitrification tank (12A) so as to separate a denitrified liquid into a solid content and the denitrification-treated liquid (24) by using a first solid-liquid separating film (25), and the denitrification-treated liquid (24) treated with the active sludge in the reaeration tank (14) is reaerated and separated into a solid content and a reaeration-treated liquid (27) by using a second solid-liquid separating film (28).

Method and apparatus for treating nitrate waste liquid

The invention relates to a process for the biological purification of a water containing ammonium perchlorate, characterized in that aqueous ammonium perchlorate solution is placed in contact, in a first, aerobic reactor, with an activated sludge in the presence of at least one source of mineral carbon and nutritional elements for the metabolism of the microorganisms, and then in that the liquid effluent leaving the first reactor is placed in contact, in a second, anoxic reactor, with an activated sludge, in the presence of at least one source of organic carbon and nutritional elements for the metabolism of the microorganisms. The process makes it possible to treat aqueous solutions containing very large amounts of ammonium perchlorate and to convert both the ammonium ions into molecular nitrogen and the perchlorate ions into chloride ions.

Process for the biological purification of a water containing ammonium perchlorate

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remove both perchlorate ion and ammonium ion and to convert ammonium ion to nitrogen molecule with a simple and economical method. SOLUTION: An ammonium perchlorate aq. solution is brought into contact with activated sludge containing nitrification microorganisms in the presence of at least a source of an inorganic carbon and nutrients for the metabolism of the microorganisms in a 1st aerobic reactor and next, a liquid flowing out from the 1st reactor is brought into contact with the activated sludge containing the denitrification microorganisms and perchlorate ion reducing microorganisms in the presence of at least a source of an organic carbon and the nutrients for the metabolism of the microorganisms.

Method for biologically cleaning water containing ammonium perchlorate

L'invention concerne un procede de purification biologique d'une eau contenant du perchlorate d'ammonium, caracterise en ce que- la solution aqueuse de perchlorate d'ammonium est mise en contact, dans un premier reacteur, aerobie, avec une boue activee en presence d'au moins une source de carbone mineral et d'elements nutritionnels pour le metabolisme des micro-organismes,- puis en ce que l'effluent liquide, sortant du premier reacteur, est mis en contact dans un deuxieme reacteur, anoxique, avec une boue activee, en presence d'au moins une source de carbone organique et d'elements nutritionnels pour le metabolisme des micro-organismes Le procede permet de traiter des solutions aqueuses contenant de tres grandes quantites de perchlorate d'ammonium et de transformer a la fois les ions ammonium en azote moleculaire et les ions perchlorates en ions chlorures

Procede de purification biologique d'une eau contenant du perchlorate d'ammonium

New method for biological treatment of water containing ammonium perchlorate. New method for biological treatment of water containing ammonium perchlorate. The method comprises: (a) an aerobic reactor containing activated sludge containing nitrifying microorganisms in the presence of an inorganic carbon source and other nutrients; and (b) an anoxic reactor containing activated sludge containing denitrifying microorganisms and perchlorate-reducing microorganisms in the presence of an inorganic carbon source and other nutrients.

Biological treatment of water containing ammonium perchlorate comprises sequential aerobic nitrification and anoxic denitrification and perchlorate reduction

Jean-Michel Tauzia

Papers

Process for the biological purification of a water containing ammonium perchlorate

Method for biologically cleaning water containing ammonium perchlorate

Procede de purification biologique d'une eau contenant du perchlorate d'ammonium

Biological treatment of water containing ammonium perchlorate comprises sequential aerobic nitrification and anoxic denitrification and perchlorate reduction

Procedimento di purificazione biologica di un'acqua contenente perclorato di ammonio.