Following Sharpless' visionary characterization of several idealized reactions as click reactions, the materials science and synthetic chemistry communities have pursued numerous routes toward the identification and implementation of these click reactions. Herein, we review the radical-mediated thiol-ene reaction as one such click reaction. This reaction has all the desirable features of a click reaction, being highly efficient, simple to execute with no side products and proceeding rapidly to high yield. Further, the thiol-ene reaction is most frequently photoinitiated, particularly for photopolymerizations resulting in highly uniform polymer networks, promoting unique capabilities related to spatial and temporal control of the click reaction. The reaction mechanism and its implementation in various synthetic methodologies, biofunctionalization, surface and polymer modification, and polymerization are all reviewed.

Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry

Nach Sharpless’ visionarer Charakterisierung verschiedener idealisierter Reaktionen als Klick-Reaktionen hat man innerhalb der Materialwissenschaften und Synthesechemie grose Anstrengungen unternommen, um solche Reaktionen zu finden und zu implementieren. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir die radikalvermittelte Thiol-En-Reaktion, die uber all die Merkmale einer Klick-Reaktion verfugt: hohe Effizienz, einfache Durchfuhrung, keine Nebenprodukte, hohe Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten, hohe Ausbeuten. Daruber hinaus besteht die Moglichkeit, die Thiol-En-Reaktion photoinitiiert auszufuhren, was insbesondere fur Photopolymerisationen zur Synthese extrem einheitlicher Polymernetzwerke genutzt wird. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird nach dem aktuellen Kenntnisstand erlautert, und zentrale Anwendungen der Thiol-En-Reaktion in der Material- und Molekulsynthese, der Biofunktionalisierung, der Polymersynthese und der Oberflachen- und Polymermodifizierung werden zusammengefasst.

Thiol-En-Klickchemie†

Injection locking of a semiconductor laser can significantly improve the broadband modulation characteristics. By adjusting the frequency offset between the master laser and the slave laser, improved modulation bandwidth or flatness of the modulation response can be emphasized. The improved modulation characteristics are accompanied by reduced broadband relative intensity noise. Our calculations predict that the parasitic-free modulation bandwidths can be enhanced above the theoretical limit for the free-running laser. >

Bandwidth enhancement and broadband noise reduction in injection-locked semiconductor lasers

Binary optics are used in an illumination system to provide a method of imaging for a color projection display. In one embodiment a broad spectrum light source illuminates a multilevel optical phase element which disperses the broad spectrum light from the light source by diffraction. A display having a number of pixel elements, each capable of transmitting a predetermined spectral region, is positioned within the near field region of the multilevel optical phase element so as to receive the light dispersed by the multilevel phase element.

Method of imaging using a liquid crystal display device

The antenna system is provided with at least one active radiation source (1) and a reflective surface (2), which is located in at least one part of the radiation (3) generated by the active radiation source (1). The reflective surface (2) is provided with a number of independently adjustable plates (2.j) for generating at least one radiation beam. The antenna system may be provided with means (4) to independently adjust the plates (2.j) for the purpose of (dynamically) orientating the antenna beam.

Antenna system with adjustable beam width and beam orientation

Device for coherent addition of laser beams including several optical amplifiers in parallel pumped by a beam coming from a master laser. The beams emitted by these amplifiers are transmitted to a non-linear material and play the role of pump beams. The non-linear material also receives a signal beam derived from the master laser. The various beams of the amplifiers are therefore added in the non-linear material along the direction of the signal beam.

Device for coherent addition of laser beams

An embodiment of the disclosed device includes: two coupled laser diodes, emitting a light wave which is modulated in frequency and amplitude by electrical signals which control the selection of one among several interconnections and represent a sequence of binary data also included is an optical guide embedded in the surface of a semiconductor substrate and a diffraction grating etched on the surface of the guide and substrate, coupled to the guide to diffract the light in several directions depending on the wavelength as well as photodiodes respectively located in one of the directions where the light can be diffracted, to give an electrical signal representing the binary data transmitted in the direction corresponding to the photodiode. In other embodiments, the photodiodes are coupled to laser diodes by means of a holographic grating.

Dynamic optical interconnection device for integrated circuits

A miniature optical source which includes at least one thin film of active laser materials having, in addition, non-linear properties A pump laser for emitting a beam of a wavelength allowing for the pumping of the thin film of active laser material perpendicularly to the plane of the thin film Also, an optical cavity constituted by two mirrors whose coefficients of reflection are maximum at the laser wavelength of the active laser material is further provided The miniature optical source may find particular application in a physically compact laser emitting in the visible spectrum

Miniature optical source

The present invention concerns an optical system for the reproduction of color video images, comprising a source of illumination (1), an electro-optical modulator (3) formed from pixels associated with the colors red, green, and blue respectively, and optical collimation means (2) used to illuminate the entirety of the modulator. This system further comprises a series of wavelength-selective holographic lenses (6) making it possible to focus the light of each red, green, or blue component on the associated pixels of the modulator. Applications to videoprojectors and direct viewing.

Optical system for the reproduction of color video images

An optical device for storing a coherent image in a multimode cavity makes use of two interaction media in which photoinduced phase gratings are recorded. By way of example, these media are photorefractive media. A first wave designated as an object wave travels through the cavity and interferes in each of these two media with a pumping wave in order to permit energy transfer from the pumping wave to the first wave.

Jean-Pierre Huignard

Papers

Device for coherent addition of laser beams

Dynamic optical interconnection device for integrated circuits

Miniature optical source

Optical system for the reproduction of color video images

Device for storing a coherent image in a multimode optical cavity