This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity. Moreover, molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Of considerable note, experimental IR cross-sections for almost 300 additional molecules important in different areas of atmospheric science have been added to the database. The compilation can be accessed through www.hitran.org. Most of the HITRAN data have now been cast into an underlying relational database structure that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure. The new structure empowers the user in many ways. It enables the incorporation of an extended set of fundamental parameters per transition, sophisticated line-shape formalisms, easy user-defined output formats, and very convenient searching, filtering, and plotting of data. A powerful application programming interface making use of structured query language (SQL) features for higher-level applications of HITRAN is also provided.

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The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database

Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer Free Full Download Links from Multiple Mirrors added by DL4W on 2015-04-10 02:13:35. Handbook of heat transfer / editors, W.M. Rohsenow, J.P. Hartnett. Y.I. Cho. m 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-07053555-8. Students investigate heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation. The analogy between heat and mass transfer is covered and applied in the analysis.

Handbook of heat transfer

We present the results of a new series of nongray calculations of the atmospheres, spectra, colors, and evolution of extrasolar giant planets (EGPs) and brown dwarfs for effective temperatures below 1300 K This theory encompasses most of the mass/age parameter space occupied by substellar objects and is the first spectral study down to 100 K These calculations are in aid of the multitude of searches being conducted or planned around the world for giant planets and brown dwarfs and reveal the exotic nature of the class Generically, absorption by H2 at longer wavelengths and H2O opacity windows at shorter wavelengths conspire to redistribute flux blueward Below 1200 K, methane is the dominant carbon bearing molecule and is a universal diagnostic feature of EGP and brown dwarf spectra We find that the primary bands in which to search are Z (~105 ?m), J (~12 ?m), H (~16 ?m), K (~22 ?m), M (~5 ?m), and N (~10 ?m), that enhancements of the emergent flux over blackbody values, in particular in the near infrared, can be by many orders of magnitude, and that the infrared colors of EGPs and brown dwarfs are much bluer than previously believed In particular, relative to J and H, the K band flux is reduced by CH4 and H2 absorption Furthermore, we conclude that for Teff's below 1200 K most or all true metals may be sequestered below the photosphere, that an interior radiative zone is a generic feature of substellar objects, and that clouds of H2O and NH3 are formed for Teff's below ~400 and ~200 K, respectively This study is done for solar-metallicity objects in isolation and does not include the effects of stellar insulation Nevertheless, it is a comprehensive attempt to bridge the gap between the planetary and stellar realms and to develop a nongray theory of objects from 03MJ (Saturn) to 70MJ (~007 M?) We find that the detection ranges for brown dwarf/EGP discovery of both ground- and space-based telescopes are larger than previously estimated

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/305002/pdf

A Nongray Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs

We describe in this paper the modifications, improvements, and enhancements to the HITRAN molecular absorption database that have occurred in the two editions of 1991 and 1992 The current database includes line parameters for 31 species and their isotopomers that are significant for terrestrial atmospheric studies This line-by-line portion of HITRAN presently contains about 709,000 transitions between 0 and 23,000/cm and contains three molecules not present in earlier versions: COF2, SF6, and H2S The HITRAN compilation has substantially more information on chlorofluorocarbons and other molecular species that exhibit dense spectra which are not amenable to line-by-line representation The user access of the database has been advanced, and new media forms are now available for use on personal computers

The hitran molecular database: editions of 1991 and 1992

This paper describes the status circa 2001, of the HITRAN compilation that comprises the public edition available through 2001. The HITRAN compilation consists of several components useful for radiative transfer calculation codes: high-resolution spectroscopic parameters of molecules in the gas phase, absorption cross-sections for molecules with very dense spectral features, aerosol refractive indices, ultraviolet line-by-line parameters and absorption cross-sections, and associated database management software. The line-by-line portion of the database contains spectroscopic parameters for 38 molecules and their isotopologues and isotopomers suitable for calculating atmospheric transmission and radiance properties. Many more molecular species are presented in the infrared cross-section data than in the previous edition, especially the chlorofluorocarbons and their replacement gases. There is now sufficient representation so that quasi-quantitative simulations can be obtained with the standard radiance codes. In addition to the description and justification of new or modified data that have been incorporated since the last edition of HITRAN (1996), future modifications are indicated for cases considered to have a significant impact on remote-sensing experiments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database: edition of 2000 including updates through 2001

Different IR gas radiative property models suitable for a wide range of engineering applications (statistical narrowband, correlated- k :, correlated- k -fictitious gases, and models based on global absorption coefficient distribution functions, such as WSGG, SLW, ADF, and ADFFG) are presented. High-temperature properties, especially with CO 2 and H 2 O as active species, are emphasized. The accuracy of the different models is discussed by comparing their results with those of a line-by-line (LBL) approach, considered as a reference. This last model is introduced step by step, and the effects of the properties of the molecular states of the absorbing and emitting species on the properties of the corresponding spectra are discussed. The main physical features of complex IR spectra of CO 2 and H 2 O are presented in order to explain important phenomena occuring in different applications. The key point in the use of an LBL approach is the development of a complete and accurate spectroscopic database suitable for high-temperature applications. The parameters of approximate models are generated from the LBL approach in order to provide accurate predictions of radiative properties of uniform media. The intrinsic accuracy of these models applied to radiative transfer in nonuniform media is then studied. The implementation of the models is discussed on the basis of their formulations in terms of absorption coefficients or in terms of averaged transmissivities, and on the basis of their classification into band models and global models. Different methods for the treatment of mixtures of absorbing species are discussed.

Gas IR Radiative Properties: From Spectroscopic Data to Approximate Models

The absorption distribution function model with fictitious gases (ADFFG), a new global model of gas radiative properties, is presented and implemented for CO 2 and H 2 O radiation at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range (300–2000 K). The model is based on the joint distribution function of the absorption coefficients of two fictitious gases corresponding to hot and cold lines of a given species. Model parameters are deduced from line-by-line (LBL) calculations founded on the EM2C spectroscopic databases. The accuracy of ADFFG is studied, for nonisothermal and nonhomogeneous columns representative of engineering applications, by comparisons with reference LBL calculations and results of the CK and CKFG narrow-band models. It is shown that the subdivision into two fictitious gases significantly enhances the accuracy of ADF (the same model without subdivision), in particular when gaseous absorption is significant, at the cost of larger computing times. Like all global models, ADFFG is, however, limited to applications where walls and particles are gray.

A fictitious-gas-based absorption distribution function global model for radiative transfer in hot gases

Direct identification of absorption and scattering coefficients and phase function of a porous medium by a Monte Carlo technique

The accuracy of several narrow-band (SNB, CK, CKFG) and global (WSGG, SLW, ADF, ADFFG) gas infrared radiative property models applied to radiative transfer in a planar geometry with different types of temperature profiles is studied. The considered gaseous mixtures are H2ON2, CO2N2 and H2OCO2N2. Reference solutions are provided by line-by-line (LBL) calculations. All model parameters are based on the same spectroscopic data bases so that only the intrinsic accuracy of each model is tested. All narrow-band models lead in most cases to accurate results, but errors induced by the transmissivity-based models SNB and CKFG increase with wall reflectivity if the reflected radiation is assumed spectrally uncorrelated with gaseous transmissivity. Global models are less time consuming than narrow-band models but are generally less accurate and limited to media with gray boundaries and/or participating particles. The WSGG model leads in many cases to very important errors. The relative accuracy of the SLW and ADF models is typically about 10–20% but care must be taken in the choice of the reference temperature. The ADFFG model is the most accurate global model but requires greater computing times than the ADF and SLW models. For long range sensing of hot gases, only the fictitious-gas based models CKFG and ADFFG lead to accurate results. In the case of mixtures containing H2O and CO2, the spectral uncorrelation assumption is accurate for narrow-band models and its implementation results only in greater computing times for the CK model. On the contrary, this assumption is not generally accurate for the whole spectra and specific parameters must be generated from the joint distribution function of the absorption coefficients in the case of global models.

Jean Taine

Papers

Gas IR Radiative Properties: From Spectroscopic Data to Approximate Models

A fictitious-gas-based absorption distribution function global model for radiative transfer in hot gases

Direct identification of absorption and scattering coefficients and phase function of a porous medium by a Monte Carlo technique

Accuracy of narrow-band and global models for radiative transfer in H2O, CO2, and H2OCO2 mixtures at high temperature

Monte Carlo modeling of radiative transfer in a turbulent sooty flame