Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory

The development of reading depends on phonological awareness across all languages so far studied. Languages vary in the consistency with which phonology is represented in orthography. This results in developmental differences in the grain size of lexical representations and accompanying differences in developmental reading strategies and the manifestation of dyslexia across orthographies. Differences in lexical representations and reading across languages leave developmental “footprints” in the adult lexicon. The lexical organization and processing strategies that are characteristic of skilled reading in different orthographies are affected by different developmental constraints in different writing systems. The authors develop a novel theoretical framework to explain these cross-language data, which they label a psycholinguistic grain size theory of reading and its development.

Reading acquisition, developmental dyslexia, and skilled reading across languages: a psycholinguistic grain size theory.

"Weak central coherence" refers to the detail-focused processing style proposed to characterise autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The original suggestion of a core deficit in central processing resulting in failure to extract global form/meaning, has been challenged in three ways. First, it may represent an outcome of superiority in local processing. Second, it may be a processing bias, rather than deficit. Third, weak coherence may occur alongside, rather than explain, deficits in social cognition. A review of over 50 empirical studies of coherence suggests robust findings of local bias in ASD, with mixed findings regarding weak global processing. Local bias appears not to be a mere side-effect of executive dysfunction, and may be independent of theory of mind deficits. Possible computational and neural models are discussed.

http://www.curriculumconnection4sped.com/uploads/1/2/6/4/12648571/firth_central_coherence.pdf

The Weak Coherence Account: Detail-Focused Cognitive Style in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

This is an original, important and stimulating book, which attempts a Hegelian synthesis of Piagetian constructivism and Fodorian modularity in terms of the author's own model of ‘representational ...

Beyond Modularity: A Developmental Perspective on Cognitive Science

Emotions are expressed in the voice as well as on the face. As a first step to explore the question of their integration, we used a bimodal perception situation modelled after the McGurk paradigm, in which varying degrees of discordance can be created between the affects expressed in a face and in a tone of voice. Experiment 1 showed that subjects can effectively combine information from the two sources, in that identification of the emotion in the face is biased in the direction of the simultaneously presented tone of voice. Experiment 2 showed that this effect occurs also under instructions to base the judgement exclusively on the face. Experiment 3 showed the reverse effect, a bias from the emotion in the face on judgement of the emotion in the voice. These results strongly suggest the existence of mandatory bidirectional links between affect detection structures in vision and audition.

/pdf/the-perception-of-emotions-by-ear-and-by-eye-4e4g9ug9lq.pdf

The perception of emotions by ear and by eye

Functional neuroimaging experiments have shown that recognition of emotional expressions does not depend on awareness of visual stimuli and that unseen fear stimuli can activate the amygdala via a colliculopulvinar pathway. Perception of emotional expressions in the absence of awareness in normal subjects has some similarities with the unconscious recognition of visual stimuli which is well documented in patients with striate cortex lesions (blindsight). Presumably in these patients residual vision engages alternative extra-striate routes such as the superior colliculus and pulvinar. Against this background, we conjectured that a blindsight subject (GY) might recognize facial expressions presented in his blind field. The present study now provides direct evidence for this claim.

/pdf/non-conscious-recognition-of-affect-in-the-absence-of-3rtx46fbzi.pdf

Non-conscious recognition of affect in the absence of striate cortex

Six experiments demonstrated cross-modal influences from the auditory modality on the visual modality at an early level of perceptual organization. Participants had to detect a visual target in a rapidly changing sequence of visual distractors. A high tone embedded in a sequence of low tones improved detection of a synchronously presented visual target (Experiment 1), but the effect disappeared when the high tone was presented before the target (Experiment 2). Rhythmically based or order-based anticipation was unlikely to account for the effect because the improvement was unaffected by whether there was jitter (Experiment 3) or a random number of distractors between successive targets (Experiment 4). The facilitatory effect was greatly reduced when the tone was less abrupt and part of a melody (Experiments 5 and 6). These results show that perceptual organization in the auditory modality can have an effect on perceptibility in the visual modality.

/pdf/sound-enhances-visual-perception-cross-modal-effects-of-1q8pe611z2.pdf

Sound enhances visual perception: cross-modal effects of auditory organization on vision.

For most multisensory events, observers perceive synchrony among the various senses (vision, audition, touch), despite the naturally occurring lags in arrival and processing times of the different information streams. A substantial amount of research has examined how the brain accomplishes this. In the present article, we review several key issues about intersensory timing, and we identify four mechanisms of how intersensory lags might be dealt with: by ignoring lags up to some point (a wide window of temporal integration), by compensating for predictable variability, by adjusting the point of perceived synchrony on the longer term, and by shifting one stream directly toward the other.

/pdf/perception-of-intersensory-synchrony-a-tutorial-review-2bmbq83g43.pdf

Perception of intersensory synchrony: A tutorial review

A question that has emerged over recent years is whether audiovisual (AV) speech perception is a special case of multi-sensory perception. Electrophysiological (ERP) studies have found that auditory neural activity (N1 component of the ERP) induced by speech is suppressed and speeded up when a speech sound is accompanied by concordant lip movements. In Experiment 1, we show that this AV interaction is not speech-specific. Ecologically valid nonspeech AV events (actions performed by an actor such as handclapping) were associated with a similar speeding-up and suppression of auditory N1 amplitude as AV speech (syllables). Experiment 2 demonstrated that these AV interactions were not influenced by whether A and V were congruent or incongruent. In Experiment 3 we show that the AV interaction on N1 was absent when there was no anticipatory visual motion, indicating that the AV interaction only occurred when visual anticipatory motion preceded the sound. These results demonstrate that the visually induced speeding-up and suppression of auditory N1 amplitude reflect multisensory integrative mechanisms of AV events that crucially depend on whether vision predicts when the sound occurs.

/pdf/neural-correlates-of-multisensory-integration-of-1fqkuszkg1.pdf

Jean Vroomen

Papers

The perception of emotions by ear and by eye

Non-conscious recognition of affect in the absence of striate cortex

Sound enhances visual perception: cross-modal effects of auditory organization on vision.

Perception of intersensory synchrony: A tutorial review

Neural correlates of multisensory integration of ecologically valid audiovisual events