Text is an important medium used for sharing information worldwide. For a text document, digital watermarking is an efficient way for copyright protection, authentication, tamper proofing, to name but a few. In this paper, a zero-based watermarking approach is proposed for document authentication and tamper detection. To enhance the fragility of watermark, the proposed text watermarking approach can be comfortably utilized – based on the Effective Characters List (ECL) for watermark generation. The ECL method is generated for English text zero-watermarking by maintaining the contents of the original document and constructing the watermark by formulating the smooth transition between the selected characters in the documents. The evaluation of the proposed watermarking approach is based on three famous watermarking attacks including deletion, insertion, and reordering with an accuracy of 80.76%, 80.36%, and 88.1%, respectively. For a fair evaluation, a comparison is put forth with a recent zero-based watermarking method - clearly showing that the proposed method outperforms existing with greater accuracy.

/pdf/enhancing-fragility-of-zero-based-text-watermarking-54xd895hbb.pdf

Enhancing fragility of zero-based text watermarking utilizing effective characters list

Welcome to the Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security! This is the second installment of what we hope will be an annual event for many years to come. SOUPS 2005 was the first refereed technical conference to bring together an interdisciplinary group of researchers and practitioners in human computer interaction, security, and privacy. Attendees reported that they valued both the formal sessions and the informal interactions they had with other participants. Thus we have tried to develop a program for SOUPS 2006 that builds on the success of SOUPS 2005, including a similar mix of sessions.This year's program features 14 technical papers, a workshop, 23 posters, a panel, three discussion sessions, and an invited talk. We received 39 paper submissions. Each paper was refereed by at least three members of the refereed papers committee, and through an online discussion process the committee selected 14 papers for presentation and publication.A panel and follow-up discussion session on security user studies at SOUPS 2005 provoked so much interest and discussion that SOUPS 2006 features a full day workshop on security user studies. The workshop focuses on the design, implementation and challenges of conducting security user studies. The workshop will be an opportunity for researchers to share experiences, materials, and ideas, and for newcomers to learn about problems and best practices.This year's panel addresses the phishing problem, which has been the focus of much discussion in the media and in technical forums. At SOUPS we will discuss the various approaches that have been proposed to stop or blunt phishing attacks and debate which approach or approaches are most worthy of an investment of time, skill, and money. The program also features an invited talk by Austin Hill that will provide insights on usable security from a corporate perspective.Finally, the SOUPS 2006 program includes three parallel "discussion" sessions, featuring moderated discussion on a topic of interest to attendees. Discussion sessions have been organized around the following topics: "Johnny Can Obfuscate: Beyond Mother's Maiden Name," "Teaching Usable Privacy and Security," and "Policy Management: A Central Theme for Usable Privacy and Security Systems." Other discussion sessions may be added depending on interest. We hope the informal, small group format will lead to lively and productive interactions.

Proceedings of the second symposium on Usable privacy and security

There have been pressing needs for securing a document and its content, either in electronic form or printed form. This is because counterfeiting and forgeries are extremely widespread all over the world, causing tremendous damage to individuals, industries, societies, and even national security. This is the main reason why people think about to protect their work and prevent such illicit activities. Because of these various methods like cryptography, steganography, and coding have been used. Steganography is the best-suited technique that allows user to hide a message in another message (cover media). Most of steganography research uses cover media as pictures, video clips, and sounds. However, text steganography is not normally preferred due to the difficulty in finding redundant bits in text document. To embed information inside a document, its characteristics have to be altered. These characteristics can be either insertion of spaces or non-displayed characters, deliberate misspellings distributed throughout the text, resizing of fonts, and so on. But due to slight change in the document it will be visible to the third party or attacker. To overcome this problem there is a need to alter the document in such a way that it will not visible to the human eyes yet it is possible to decode it with computer. The present chapter highlights the technique for reconstruction of the printed document using text-based steganography. This technique may be used if the original document (e.g., bank checks, legal documents, and certificates) is torn out and the important information is lost. Extracting the information from the torn part of the document and recreating the document will help in regaining the lost information. This method will first extract the text information present in the document and encode it into symbols. Then embed these symbols into the document multiple numbers of times without affecting the integrity of the document. For recreating the document, the hard copy of the document can be processed in order to retrieve the embedded information. Thus, the information is regained from the original printed text document. This method will help in reconstruction of printed document from its part or whole.

Recent Trends in Text Steganography with Experimental Study

With the rise in internet users, the need for security has increased as well. The first step in securing digital information is through the use of passwords. These text bases passwords are then converted to hash values. However, they are susceptible to attacks like man in the middle attacks and other hacks. Information leaks proves fatal in such scenarios. To combat these issues, we have proposed a new system that has lower computational requirements and utilizes visual cryptography and text steganography. We have also proposed using visual cryptography with utilizes meaningful shares to hide the intent of the images.User’s secret information is used to form an image which is divided and shared over multiples parties.This results in no single party having complete information.The benefit of this is that a hack at any one user won’t compromise user’s information. With the number of online users now in billions,this system has a huge scope and will prove important for information security when privacy and security are of paramount importance.

https://www.ijritcc.org/index.php/ijritcc/article/download/1510/1510

Jeenit Jain

Papers

Enhanced Password Processing Scheme Using Visual Cryptography And Steganography