XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

From the Publisher: 
A Question of Identity 
Life on the Screen is a fascinating and wide-ranging investigation of the impact of computers and networking on society, peoples' perceptions of themselves, and the individual's relationship to machines. Sherry Turkle, a Professor of the Sociology of Science at MIT and a licensed psychologist, uses Internet MUDs (multi-user domains, or in older gaming parlance multi-user dungeons) as a launching pad for explorations of software design, user interfaces, simulation, artificial intelligence, artificial life, agents, "bots," virtual reality, and "the on-line way of life." 
Turkle's discussion of postmodernism is particularly enlightening. She shows how postmodern concepts in art, architecture, and ethics are related to concrete topics much closer to home, for example AI research (Minsky's "Society of Mind") and even MUDs (exemplified by students with X-window terminals who are doing homework in one window and simultaneously playing out several different roles in the same MUD in other windows). Those of you who have (like me) been turned off by the shallow, pretentious, meaningless paintings and sculptures that litter our museums of modern art may have a different perspective after hearing what Turkle has to say. 
This is a psychoanalytical book, not a technical one. However, software developers and engineers will find it highly accessible because of the depth of the author's technical understanding and credibility. Unlike most other authors in this genre, Turkle does not constantly jar the technically-literate reader with blatant errors or bogus assertions about how things work. Although I personally don't have time or patience for MUDs,view most of AI as snake-oil, and abhor postmodern architecture, I thought the time spent reading this book was an extremely good investment.

스크린 위의 삶 = Life on the screen : identity in the age of the internet

https://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/1976-12-6-12/{806b8887-c02e-40c8-a228-57f1cdb2bdba}/the-stress-of-life.pdf

The stress of life

The debate on migration and development has swung back and forth like a pendulum, from developmentalist optimism in the 1950s and 1960s, to neo-Marxist pessimism over the 1970s and 1980s, towards more optimistic views in the 1990s and 2000s. This paper argues how such discursive shifts in the migration and development debate should be primarily seen as part of more general paradigm shifts in social and development theory. However, the classical opposition between pessimistic and optimistic views is challenged by empirical evidence pointing to the heterogeneity of migration impacts. By integrating and amending insights from the new economics of labor migration, livelihood perspectives in development studies and transnational perspectives in migration studies – which share several though as yet unobserved conceptual parallels – this paper elaborates the contours of a conceptual framework that simultaneously integrates agency and structure perspectives and is therefore able to account for the heterogeneous nature of migration-development interactions. The resulting perspective reveals the naivety of recent views celebrating migration as self-help development “from below”. These views are largely ideologically driven and shift the attention away from structural constraints and the vital role of states in shaping favorable conditions for positive development impacts of migration to occur.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00804.x

Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective

Encountering development: the making and unmaking of the Third World

Women Traders in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Mediating Identities, Marketing Wares

Chapter 1 Introduction: Development in Practice and Theory, a Positive Role for Anthropology Part 2 Part I: Development and Theory in Anthropology Chapter 3 Chapter 1: Involution and Modernization: The Case of Clifford Geertz Chapter 4 Chapter 2: The Evolution of Market Niches among Oaxacan Wood Carvers Chapter 5 Chapter 3: Tourists as a Common-Pool Resource: A Study of Dive Shops on Utila, Honduras Chapter 6 Chapter 4: The Interstices of Urban Development: An Economic Anthropological Approach to Development in a Midwestern U.S. Community Part 7 Part II: Development in Practice Chapter 8 Chapter 5: Barriers to the Diffusion of Agricultural Knowledge: A Balinese Case Study Chapter 9 Chapter 6: The Common Sense of Development and the Struggle for Participatory Development in Sri Lanka Chapter 10 Chapter 7: Culturally Sustainable Development Chapter 11 Chapter 8: An Analysis of Risk Perceptions: Understanding Beneficiaries' Concerns in Sustainable Development Activities Chapter 12 Chapter 9: The Women Left Behind: Potential Effects of Male Migrants' Return on Women's Fertility and Health in Bangladesh Part 13 Part III: Locating Development and New Avenues for Research Chapter 14 Chapter 10: Gifts, Bribes and Development in Post-Soviet Kazakstan Chapter 15 Chapter 11: Globalization, Privatization, and Public Space in the Provincial Philippines Chapter 16 Chapter 12: Looking into the Future: Anthropology and Financial Markets Chapter 17 Chapter 13: Emerging Markets, Globalization and the Small Investor: The Case of Venezuela

Economic development : an anthropological approach

Context: Humans constantly respond to environmental stressors challenging their somatic stability. Allostasis, an evolved neuroendocrine/physiological stressor response system, is our main pathway ...

Climate change, uncertainty and allostatic load

In this paper we investigate the growth and use of social remittances in Tajikistan. Russia became the destination country of choice for labor migrants from former Soviet states following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.  Tajik migrants also seek new destinations including settlement in the US. International migration to Russia and the US continues to shape economic realities for Tajik communities and migrants. In this paper, we use ethnographic evidence from rural communities in Tajikistan and from Tajik migrants who are settled in major Russian cities as well as New York City, NY to address the role migration plays for families and household and the meaning of social remittances for local communities. We explore the role that remittances play in the changing social landscape of Tajikistan and its local communities.

Remittances and their social meaning in Tajikistan

This article reviews a systematic approach to the study of transnational migration in the central valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The authors argue that the investigation of transnational migration should be more than an exercise in labeling outcomes. They show that it is possible to model and score transnational outcomes for individual migrants and migrant households and understand variations in sending practices of local communities. They illustrate this point using data from the investigation of eleven communities in Oaxaca.

Jeffrey H. Cohen

Papers

Women Traders in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Mediating Identities, Marketing Wares

Economic development : an anthropological approach

Climate change, uncertainty and allostatic load

Remittances and their social meaning in Tajikistan

Understanding Transnational Processes: Modeling Migration Outcomes in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico