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Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

Techno-economic and environmental analysis of aviation biofuels.

Due to the depletion of crude reserves and the increasing demand for clean hydrocarbon fuels the production of renewable materials-based fuels has emerged to solve at least partially this problem in the past decade and it is expected to continue [1,2]. Green fuels can be classified as naphtha, jet fuel, and diesel. In the case of green diesel, its increasing demand could reach 900 million tons by 2020 [3].

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Hydroconversion of Triglycerides into Green Liquid Fuels

Refinery co-processing of renewable feeds

Catalytic cracking of vegetable oil with metal oxides for biofuel production

During the experimentals a special case of the hydrogenation of triglycerides was studied on a sulphided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst (P = 40 and 80 bar, T = 320-380 °C, LHSV = 0.75-2.0 h -1 , H2/feed ratio = 600 m 3 /m 3 ). The sulphur containing compounds were covered with a small amount (10 %) of sulphur containing (0.9 %) gas oil in the sunflower oil to ensure the sulphided state of the catalyst. In comparison, the hydrogenation of another feedstock was examined, which sulphur content was adjusted approx. to the same concentration (905 mg/kg) with an easily decomposable sulphur compound (dimethyl disulphide). In case of the both feedstocks, by applying the favourable process parameters (T = 360-380 °C, P = 80 bar, LHSV = 0.75 to 1.0 h -1 , H2/feed ratio = 600 m 3 /m 3 ) the properties of the products - obtained in high yield satisfied the requirements of the EN 590:2013 standard except their CFPP value and density. The composition of the feedstocks had a significant impact on the quality of products, but the difference is reduced by increasing temperature. Based on these results, we concluded that to preserve the sulphide state of the catalyst in case of the catalytic hydrogenation of triglycerides a suitable and cost-effective solution to increase the sulphur content of the feedstock with straight run (high sulphur containing) gas oil. With the blending of the high cetane and low density products they were able to improve the quality of lowquality gas oil streams to produce better quality diesel fuel with bio-component content.

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Different Pathways to Preserve the Sulphid State of the Catalyst During the Hydroprocessing of Triglycerides

The liquid motorfuls are the main power source both of the commercial and public transportation. Renewable fules can play significant role to achieve the EU's plan to reach planned renewable ratio until 2020. We investigated of unconventional feedstocks for example non edible hybrids of oilseed plants such as rapeseed oils with high euric acid content or used cooking oil heterogen catalytic hydrogenation of used cooking oils and conventional sunflower oil on aluminium- oxide supported transition metal catalyst and comparing the obtained results. The applied operation parameters were the following: temperature; 320-380°C, pressure: 20-80bar, LHSV: 1.0h -1 , H2/hydrocarbon ratio: 600Nm 3 /m 3 . These products can be blended in gasoil up to 10%, and this way we can meet the requirements of the EU which prescribe at least 10-80% bio component blending in motor fuels by 2020.

Jeno Hancsók

Papers

Different Pathways to Preserve the Sulphid State of the Catalyst During the Hydroprocessing of Triglycerides

Motorfuel purpose hydrogenation of waste triglycerides