Antibacterial activities of phenolic benzaldehydes and benzoic acids against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica.

Extracts from the leaves of Chromolaena odorata have been shown to be beneficial for treatment of wounds The crude ethanol extract of the plant had been demonstrated to be a powerful antioxidant to protect fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro In this study, the most active compounds were fractionated and identified from the crude extract using liquid chromatography coupled with UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry The antioxidant effects of purified fractions on cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes were investigated using colorimetric and lactate hydrogenase release assay The results showed that the phenolic acids present (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic and vanillic acids) and complex mixtures of lipophilic flavonoid aglycones (flavanones, flavonols, flavones and chalcones) were major and powerful antioxidants to protect cultured skin cells against oxidative damage In conclusion, the extract from C odorata contains a mixture of powerful antioxidant compounds that may be one of potential mechanism contributing to enhanced wound healing

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Phenolic compounds of Chromolaena odorata protect cultured skin cells from oxidative damage: implication for cutaneous wound healing.

In this study, p-coumaric acid was evaluated for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. The immunomodulatory effect of p-coumaric acid (100 mg/kg body weight) was assessed by evaluating its effect on cell-mediated immune responses (delayed type hypersensitivity reaction), serum immunoglobulin levels, and macrophage phagocytic index in rats. The anti-inflammatory effects of p-coumaric acid (100 mg/kg body weight) were investigated by examining its effect on expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in synovial tissue by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and circulating immune complexes in serum of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. The increased cell-mediated immune responses and macrophage phagocytic index observed in control rats were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) upon treatment with p-coumaric acid implying its immunosuppressive property, whereas serum immunoglobulin levels were found to be increased in p-coumaric acid treated control rats. p-coumaric acid also showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by effecting a decrease in the expression of inflammatory mediator TNF-α and circulating immune complexes. Indomethacin was used as a reference drug for anti-inflammatory studies. Thus, our results show that p-coumaric acid could be considered a potential immunosuppressive agent in treating autoimmune inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect of p-coumaric acid, a common dietary polyphenol on experimental inflammation in rats.

A bacterial strain, B65-1, which showed strong antimicrobial activity, was isolated from Chungkook-Jang, a traditional Korean fermented-soybean food with antimicrobial properties. Based on carbon utilization pattern and partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the B65-1 strain was identified as Bacillus licheniformis.An antibiotic compound, active against bacteria and yeast such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, was isolated by various chromatographic procedures from culture filtrates of B. licheniformis B65-1. The purified antibiotic was identified to be phenylacetic acid, with the molecular formula C8H8O2 by analyses of EI-MS and NMR. The phenylacetic acid was detected in fermented soybean made with the strain B65-1 as a starter, but was not present in extracts of nonfermented soybean. Our results indicated that the phenylacetic acid produced by B. licheniformis during fermentation of soybean is one of the main compounds of antimicrobial activity of Chungkook- Jang.

Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Phenylacetic Acid Produced by Bacillus licheniformis Isolated from Fermented Soybean, Chungkook-Jang

Forest biorefinery: Potential of poplar phytochemicals as value-added co-products

Two antimicrobial substances in rice hull were isolated and identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and trans 4-hydroxycinnamic acid by LC-MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR. An evaluation of 50% inhibition of growth (IC50) revealed that the two substances had different inhibition profiles against various microorganisms. Most of the gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to trans 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid at IC50 concentrations of 100-170 and 160 micrograms/ml, respectively.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1271/bbb.62.2273

Antimicrobial activity of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and trans 4-hydroxycinnamic acid isolated and identified from rice hull

PURPOSE: A discriminating method of Jindo-Hongju pigment is provided, thereby easily and accurately discriminating whether red pigment of Jindo-Hongju is derived from puccoon (Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc), and maintaining constant quality of Jindo-Hongju pigment. CONSTITUTION: The discriminating method of Jindo-Hongju pigment comprises the steps of: mixing Jindo-Hongju pigment with ethylacetate-hexane mixed solvent in a same ratio, or mixing Jindo-Hongju pigment diluted with 10 to 20% of water with ethyl acetate in a same ratio, settling the mixture for a certain time, and observing color of an upper organic layer with the naked eye; determining whether the Jindo-Hongju pigment has a peak with the highest optical density value at 520 nm, and peaks with second and third optical density values at 496 nm and 550 nm using a spectrophotometer; and measuring the elution pattern by subjecting the Jindo-Hongju pigment to HPLC using the octadecylsilane column.

Jeong Yong Cho

Papers

Antimicrobial activity of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and trans 4-hydroxycinnamic acid isolated and identified from rice hull

Discriminating method of Jindo-Hongju pigment