The main purpose of this paper is to draw attention to some facts and ideas that perhaps can help to identify problems or fields for development and research within the evaluation of training. Topics for group discussion are preceded by material on some basic concepts of evaluation and educational measurement. The ratio scale, the interval scale, the ordinal scale, and the nominal scale are given as examples of kinds of scales used in educational measurement; the problem of norms is discussed; potential purposes of evaluation or educational measurement are outlined; and some characteristics of a good measuring instrument are explained. The author also defends the inclusion of evaluation as an Integral part of a model for planning and carrying out educational programs. (BW) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION &WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EVALUATION OF TRAINING

/pdf/evaluation-of-training-4s7htqhxas.pdf

Evaluation of Training.

The updated version of the EFSUMB guidelines on the application of non-hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) deals with the use of microbubble ultrasound contrast outside the liver in the many established and emerging applications.

/pdf/the-efsumb-guidelines-and-recommendations-for-the-clinical-7973z9x4vy.pdf

The EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations for the clinical practice of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in Non-Hepatic Applications: Update 2017 (Long Version)

https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/216919/1/j.gastro.2015.08.054.pdf

Recent Advances From Basic and Clinical Studies of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in the emergency departments worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs are early recognition, adequate source control, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Prompt resuscitation of patients with ongoing sepsis is of utmost important. In hospitals worldwide, non-acceptance of, or lack of access to, accessible evidence-based practices and guidelines result in overall poorer outcome of patients suffering IAIs. The aim of this paper is to promote global standards of care in IAIs and update the 2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections.

/pdf/the-management-of-intra-abdominal-infections-from-a-global-4ps525uhu4.pdf

The management of intra-abdominal infections from a global perspective: 2017 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections

Causes of death and prognostic factors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a prospective study: comparison of 106 MEN1/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients with 1613 literature MEN1 patients with or without pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Gallbladder perforation: case series and systematic review.

Background
Biodegradable (BD) oesophageal stents have been available commercially only since 2008 and previous published research is limited. Our aim was to review the use of BD stents to treat dysphagia in benign or malignant oesophageal strictures.

The use of biodegradable (SX-ELLA) oesophageal stents to treat dysphagia due to benign and malignant oesophageal disease.

Is C-reactive Protein a Useful Adjunct in Selecting Patients for Emergency Cholecystectomy by Predicting severe/gangrenous Cholecystitis?

Background
Surgical resection has remained the mainstay of treatment of GIST with a 5-year-survival of 28–35%. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Imatinib) has revolutionised the treatment of these tumours. The current research is directed towards expanding the role of this drug in the treatment of GIST. We present our experience of managing GIST in this institute.

/pdf/management-of-gastrointestinal-stromal-tumours-in-the-1rdijdsxjc.pdf

Management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours in the Imatinib era: a surgeon's perspective.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and feeding jejunostomy are used for providing long-term nutritional support to patients with neurological disorders. Various mechanical complications of these procedures are described. We report a case of a 17-year-old boy with cerebral injury who had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube changed to a feeding jejunostomy tube. Twenty-four hours later he developed abdominal pain and became clinically septic. A contrast study through the feeding tube and a subsequent computed tomography scan did not reveal any intra-abdominal pathology. At laparotomy it was discovered that the tip of the feeding tube had perforated through the jejunal wall and was lying outside the lumen. This was successfully treated by re-inserting a feeding jejunostomy tube distally and closure of the perforation and previous FJ site We suggest that the threshold for contrast studies and operative intervention should be low in neurologically impaired patients to avoid the delay in treatment of tube-related complications.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1752-1947-2-224.pdf

Jeremy B Ward

Papers

Gallbladder perforation: case series and systematic review.

The use of biodegradable (SX-ELLA) oesophageal stents to treat dysphagia due to benign and malignant oesophageal disease.

Is C-reactive Protein a Useful Adjunct in Selecting Patients for Emergency Cholecystectomy by Predicting severe/gangrenous Cholecystitis?

Management of gastrointestinal stromal tumours in the Imatinib era: a surgeon's perspective.

Jejunal perforation caused by a feeding jejunostomy tube: a case report