This chapter introduces the finite element method (FEM) as a tool for solution of classical electromagnetic problems. Although we discuss the main points in the application of the finite element method to electromagnetic design, including formulation and implementation, those who seek deeper understanding of the finite element method should consult some of the works listed in the bibliography section.

Introduction to the Finite Element Method

The presence of macrophytes is one of the most conspicuous features of wetlands and their presence distinguishes constructed wetlands from unplanted soil filters or lagoons The macrophytes growing in constructed wetlands have several properties in relation to the treatment process that make them an essential component of the design However, only several roles of macrophytes apply to constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow (HF CWs) The plants used in HF CWs designed for wastewater treatment should therefore: (1) be tolerant of high organic and nutrient loadings, (2) have rich belowground organs (ie roots and rhizomes) in order to provide substrate for attached bacteria and oxygenation (even very limited) of areas adjacent to roots and rhizomes and (3) have high aboveground biomass for winter insulation in cold and temperate regions and for nutrient removal via harvesting The comparison of treatment efficiency of vegetated HF CWs and unplanted filters is not unanimous but most studies have shown that systems with plants achieve higher treatment efficiency The vegetation has mostly a positive effect, ie supports higher treatment efficiency, for organics and nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus By far the most frequently used plant around the globe is Phragmites australis (Common reed) Species of the genera Typha (latifolia, angustifolia, domingensis, orientalis and glauca) and Scirpus (eg lacustris, validus, californicus and acutus) spp are other commonly used species In many countries, and especially in the tropics and subtropics, local plants including ornamental species are used for HF CWs

Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: a review

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are becoming the most promising research topic in intelligent transportation systems, because they provide information to deliver comfort and safety to both drivers and passengers. However, unique characteristics of VANETs make security, privacy, and trust management challenging issues in VANETs’ design. This survey article starts with the necessary background of VANETs, followed by a brief treatment of main security services, which have been well studied in other fields. We then focus on an in-depth review of anonymous authentication schemes implemented by five pseudonymity mechanisms. Because of the predictable dynamics of vehicles, anonymity is necessary but not sufficient to thwart tracking an attack that aims at the drivers’ location profiles. Thus, several location privacy protection mechanisms based on pseudonymity are elaborated to further protect the vehicles’ privacy and guarantee the quality of location-based services simultaneously. We also give a comprehensive analysis on various trust management models in VANETs. Finally, considering that current and near-future applications in VANETs are evaluated by simulation, we give a much-needed update on the latest mobility and network simulators as well as the integrated simulation platforms. In sum, this paper is carefully positioned to avoid overlap with existing surveys by filling the gaps and reporting the latest advances in VANETs while keeping it self-explained.

A Survey on Recent Advances in Vehicular Network Security, Trust, and Privacy

Application of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in developing countries--a review of recent developments (2000-2013).

Integrating renewable sources into energy system for smart city as a sagacious strategy towards clean and sustainable process

Performance evaluation of constructed wetlands in a tropical region.

Summary We analyze the use of 8PSK and 16QAM Modulation Techniques along with Turbo Codes in the underwater acoustic channel. Turbo Codes have been used successfully to correct errors especially with higher order digital modulations. The channel model we will use is a Rician Multipath Fading.

http://paper.ijcsns.org/07_book/200907/20090718.pdf

Modulation and Error Correction in the Underwater Acoustic Communication Channel

Multi-hop wireless networks have been an active research area for decades, however, the solutions proposed to solve routing misbehaviors are still not robust. In this paper, we use the evolutionary game theory (EGT) framework to address one issue of routing misbehavior, the problem of selfishness. We propose the use of distributed algorithms that are able to force selfish nodes to cooperate and forward packets from other nodes, despite their desire to “conserve energy” by not forwarding external packets.

Mitigating routing misbehavior in multi-hop networks using evolutionary game theory

Design, development and deployment of a hybrid renewable energy powered mobile medical clinic with automated modular control system

In this paper we focus our attention in the main two methods of Cooperative Communications: Decode and Forward, and Amplify and Forward, and how they can be used in a new concept of Cooperative Satellite Communications. We present an analysis of both in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Power Allocation and analyze which would be more efficient when relaying information from the satellite to a mobile node in the terrestrial network. We propose a protocol that combines Selective and Incremental Relaying to optimize the cooperative scheme.

/pdf/an-approach-to-cooperative-satellite-communications-in-4g-53r604nkk0.pdf

Jerry Miller

Papers

Performance evaluation of constructed wetlands in a tropical region.

Modulation and Error Correction in the Underwater Acoustic Communication Channel

Mitigating routing misbehavior in multi-hop networks using evolutionary game theory

Design, development and deployment of a hybrid renewable energy powered mobile medical clinic with automated modular control system

An Approach to Cooperative Satellite Communications in 4G Mobile Systems