Showing papers by "Jian-Yang Li published in 2003"

HST Measurements of the Angular Expansion, Kinematics and Distance of the Planetary Nebula Bd+30°3639

Abstract: The HST WFPC2 camera was used to obtain images of the planetary nebula BD+30°3639 at two epochs separated by 566 years The expansion of the nebula in Hα and [N II] has been measured using several methods Detailed expansion maps for both emission lines were constructed from nearly 200 almost independent features There is good agreement between the (independent) Hα and [N II] proper motions There are clear deviations from uniform radial expansion, with higher expansion rates in regions where the shell is faintest, such as the south-west quadrant HST STIS echelle spectra obtained in the C II] λ2326 multiplet provide well-resolved expansion velocities at two position angles We find that the central velocity split is ±363 km s-1 at a position angle of 99° To determine the distance of BD+30°3639 by comparison of the angular expansion and the radial expansion, we must address the problem of the three dimensional shape of the nebula We measured the angular expansion along the position of the 99° echelle slit, finding displacements of 425 mas yr-1 at the shell edge (2″47 from the center) If the nebula were spherical, this would imply a distance of 180 kpc But there is evidence that the nebula is elongated along the line of sight, which suggests that the actual distance is less Radio continuum images from 5 and 15 GHz VLA observations provide information on the extent of the radial elongation We fit the radio brightness variation and the echelle data by approximating the nebula as an ellipsoid Our model has an axial ratio of 156, is inclined to the line of sight by 9°7, and exhibits an expansion in the plane of the sky which is 2/3 that in the radial direction, leading to a distance of 12 kpc Based on a recent model atmosphere (Crowther et al, these proceedings), this distance implies a stellar luminosity of 4250 L⊙