Particle Swarm Optimization trained recurrent neural network for voltage instability prediction

A2A project: A practical implementation of smart grids in the urban area of Milan

This paper investigates various Ethernet LAN architectures for substation automation system applications with protection, control, monitoring data flows and their performance requirement. The paper discusses conceptual architecture designs and related redundancy technologies such as RSTP, PRP and HSR protocols. The suitability of these architectures and the redundancy technologies for mission-critical, time stringent realtime tasks such as SMV and GOOSE tripping over the Ethernet LAN applications are examined.

IEC 61850 based substation automation system architecture design

Due to the recent changes in electrical networks, microgrid operation schemes have evolved dramatically. Coupled with smartgrid concepts, microgrids are required to be more intelligent and establish communication with its components. In order to sustain reliable and sustainable power delivery under heavy deployments of Distributed Generators (DGs), passive power network operation schemes have to be replaced with new generation dynamic methods. Utilization of communication in microgrids brings about new challenges such as communication reliability, time delays, plug-and-play and standardization considerations. Having a standard communication procedure has utmost importance in a network where there are different equipments manufactured by different vendors and having different features. IEC61850 substation communication standard has been introduced by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to address this challenge. It has received much attention in power engineering circles and several pilot projects have been implemented. As a result, it has been found out that several concepts such as interoperability and interchangeability have to be considered in networks designed with IEC communication standards. This paper summarizes the latest developments in this field and discusses the required steps that shall be taken to unleash capabilities of microgrids in current smart network era.

Interoperability and interchangeability considerations in microgrids employing IEC61850 standard

Interoperability is one of the important aspects to ensure the success of a Smart Grid implementation. Interoperability is defined as the ability of the devices and systems in a Smart Grid domain to be able to seamlessly communicate and exchange information with each other. As the public electric utility company in Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) believes that the interoperability of solutions from different vendors in Smart Grid domain using open standard is the way forward and has the promising potential to provide substantial cost savings in the near future. TNB has identified the IEC 61850 standard as the key enabler standard for this purpose and has included the standard as a part of the long term technology implementation plan under the TNB Technology Road Map (TRM). To ensure the successful implementation of IEC 61850 standard in a Smart Grid domain, TNB has embarked in several initiatives, such as the development of an IEC 61850 laboratory, new product acceptance process for IEC 61850 devices and in-house software applications for IEC 61850 substations. This paper will discuss TNB's expectation on IEC 61850 interoperability and highlights the findings which were observed during the execution of the initiatives above.

Interoperability in Smart Grid using IEC 61850 standard: A power utility prospect

This paper discusses the factors affecting interoperability between multi-vendor devices, the necessity for interoperability testing, and the types of interoperability should be conducted. It is recommended that proof-of-concept interoperability should be preformed before full scope integration, and it is crucial to adopt interoperability testing as part of site commissioning test. Interoperability testing is the next step forward after conformance test to ensure an IEC 61850 based substation automation system will interoperate as it is designed in the field. Conformance test can reduce the number of costly issues and problems during integration, site commissioning and operation. Devices passed conformance test may still subject to issues during integration, commissioning and operation. Conformance test does not mean interoperability test. Conformance testing cannot replace interoperability testing.

The importance of IEC 61850 interoperability testing

This paper presents an integrated PMU and protection scheme for power systems The scheme integrates local and wide area control and protection systems by implementing the WAMS function and substation protections into one system to identify the overload caused by flow transfer from isolation of main trunk line This integrated system mainly consists of three major components: local interface unit for local measurement with IEC 61850 9-2 format, optical communication network interfaces for data exchange compatible with IEEE C37118 and IEC 61850, PMU integrated protection completes protective functions with flow transfer identification

An integrated PMU and protection scheme for power systems

synchronised with a GPS-clock and compute the corresponding phasor component from widely dispersed locations. Phasor technology provides time synchronized sub­ second data, which is applicable for wide area monitoring; real time dynamics and stability monitoring; and improvements in state estimation, wide area protection and controls. The implementation in WAMS technology thus far, however, is designed as an independent measurement unit, the PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit). The PMU device, although it may be implemented as a substation lED and even merged into an individual protective relay, usually its functions are separated from local protective systems. By this arrangement, it is difficult to coordinate the system monitoring, control and backup protection with the local protection systems, which could result in a conflict of interests between the system control and local protection and prevents correct actions being taken in case of system emergency. At the same time, with more and more substation IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) being put into operation, increased complexity results from a number of issues, such as commissioning, maintenance and EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility). This paper presents the design and development of a novel scheme for the integrated control and protection of power transmission systems. The scheme integrates local and wide area control and protection systems by implementing the WAMS function and substation protections into one system. This integrated system coordinates stability and emergency control, system oscillation detection and protection.

Jiancheng Tan

Papers

The importance of IEC 61850 interoperability testing

An integrated PMU and protection scheme for power systems

An integratedpmu and protection schemefor power systems