Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020 In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index Moreover data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software The prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 296% (95% confidence limit: 243–354), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 319% (95% confidence interval: 275–367), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 337% (95% confidence interval: 275–406) COVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002–2003) was associated with psychiatric complications.

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COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence.

In addition to being a public physical health emergency, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected global mental health, as evidenced by panic-buying worldwide as cases soared. Little is known about changes in levels of psychological impact, stress, anxiety and depression during this pandemic. This longitudinal study surveyed the general population twice - during the initial outbreak, and the epidemic's peak four weeks later, surveying demographics, symptoms, knowledge, concerns, and precautionary measures against COVID-19. There were 1738 respondents from 190 Chinese cities (1210 first-survey respondents, 861 s-survey respondents; 333 respondents participated in both). Psychological impact and mental health status were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), respectively. IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS -21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. This study found that there was a statistically significant longitudinal reduction in mean IES-R scores (from 32.98 to 30.76, p  24) for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that the reduction in scores was not clinically significant. During the initial evaluation, moderate-to-severe stress, anxiety and depression were noted in 8.1%, 28.8% and 16.5%, respectively and there were no significant longitudinal changes in stress, anxiety and depression levels (p > 0.05). Protective factors included high level of confidence in doctors, perceived survival likelihood and low risk of contracting COVID-19, satisfaction with health information, personal precautionary measures. As countries around the world brace for an escalation in cases, Governments should focus on effective methods of disseminating unbiased COVID-19 knowledge, teaching correct containment methods, ensuring availability of essential services/commodities, and providing sufficient financial support.

A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.

Objective Disease containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation. We aimed to establish what is known about how loneliness and disease containment measures impact on the mental health in children and adolescents. Method For this rapid review, we searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science for articles published between January 1, 1946, and March 29, 2020. Of the articles, 20% were double screened using predefined criteria, and 20% of data was double extracted for quality assurance. Results A total of 83 articles (80 studies) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 63 studies reported on the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of previously healthy children and adolescents (n = 51,576; mean age 15.3 years). In all, 61 studies were observational, 18 were longitudinal, and 43 were cross-sectional studies assessing self-reported loneliness in healthy children and adolescents. One of these studies was a retrospective investigation after a pandemic. Two studies evaluated interventions. Studies had a high risk of bias, although longitudinal studies were of better methodological quality. Social isolation and loneliness increased the risk of depression, and possibly anxiety at the time at which loneliness was measured and between 0.25 and 9 years later. Duration of loneliness was more strongly correlated with mental health symptoms than intensity of loneliness. Conclusion Children and adolescents are probably more likely to experience high rates of depression and most likely anxiety during and after enforced isolation ends. This may increase as enforced isolation continues. Clinical services should offer preventive support and early intervention where possible and be prepared for an increase in mental health problems.

Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19.

A COVID-19 epidemic has been spreading in China and other parts of the world since December 2019. The epidemic has brought not only the risk of death from infection but also unbearable psychological pressure. We sampled college students from Changzhi medical college by using cluster sampling. They responded to a questionnaire packet that included the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and those inquiring the participants' basic information. We received 7,143 responses. Results indicated that 0.9% of the respondents were experiencing severe anxiety, 2.7% moderate anxiety, and 21.3% mild anxiety. Moreover, living in urban areas (OR = 0.810, 95% CI = 0.709 - 0.925), family income stability (OR = 0.726, 95% CI = 0.645 - 0.817) and living with parents (OR = 0.752, 95% CI = 0.596 - 0.950) were protective factors against anxiety. Moreover, having relatives or acquaintances infected with COVID-19 was a risk factor for increasing the anxiety of college students (OR = 3.007, 95% CI = 2.377 - 3.804). Results of correlation analysis indicated that economic effects, and effects on daily life, as well as delays in academic activities, were positively associated with anxiety symptoms (P < .001). However, social support was negatively correlated with the level of anxiety (P < .001). It is suggested that the mental health of college students should be monitored during epidemics.

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The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China.

Hypertension (HTN) related to health-promoting behaviors (HPB) and quality of life (QOL) in older Chinese has not been clearly identified. We sought to compare the HPB and QOL of elderly adults (aged ≥60) living with HTN in China to a community normotensive control group. Using multistage stratified cluster sampling, a sample of 543 elderly people with HTN and 550 with normotension were randomly selected and asked to complete questionnaires. The Chinese version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-IICR) and The World Health Organization Quality of life—BREF instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to evaluate the HPB and QOL of elderly adults. As compared to the normotensive elderly, the hypertensive elderly showed significantly lower scores in their spiritual growth and health management (both P < 0.05), but not in the other three domains. Also, the participants with HTN showed significantly lower scores in the QOL overall and physical health (both P < 0.05), but not in other factors, as compared to the participants without HTN. Each HPLP-IICR domain score among the elderly with or without HTN were significantly correlated with their QOL scores (all P < 0.01). It is suggested that more attention should be paid to improving the spiritual growth and health management of HBP, and thus the overall quality of life among hypertensive patients.

Health-promoting behaviors and quality of life in older adults with hypertension as compared to a community control group.

Objective: Gastric polyps (GPs) are masses of cells that form on the lining inside stomach. The diagnosis and treatment of GPs are vital, since some cases may cause malignant. Endoscopic techniques have led to earlier detection of GPs, the incidence of GPs are projected to continue rising. The treatment of GPs and investigation are specific to the possible presentation, pathology, and malignant. This paper is to investigate risk factors related to GPs patients in China.Materials and methods: Total of 2048 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy from January 2014 to December 2014 were studied. Data collected included gender, age, education level, BMI, eating habits and other lifestyle behaviors. Data were assessed by both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results and discussion: Of these, 181 patients had GPs. The univariate statistical test found significant differences between age and education level (=92.87, p = .00, and=92.93, p = .00, respectively). Also, significa...

Potential risk factors related to the development of gastric polyps.

Many studies have reported that G-protein β3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension (EH), although this remains subject to debate. Thus, meta-analysis was carried out to clarify this relationship. A total of 75 articles, reporting 81 case-control studies evaluating 28 369 patients and 34 933 control individuals, were assessed. Overall, a significant association was observed in the dominant model (odds ratio (OR)=1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.19), recessive model (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17), TT vs CC (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28), CT vs CC (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17), and additive model (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13) after pooling all eligible studies. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity and gender demonstrated significantly increased EH only in Caucasians using the dominant (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.39; TT vs CC, OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.07-1.54; CT vs CC, OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.35) and additive (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.28) models. In summary, the present meta-analysis indicated the GNB3 C825T polymorphism is related to increased EH exclusively in Caucasians.

Jianzhong Zheng

Papers

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China.

Health-promoting behaviors and quality of life in older adults with hypertension as compared to a community control group.

Potential risk factors related to the development of gastric polyps.

Association of G-protein β3 subunit C825T polymorphism with essential hypertension: evidence from 63 729 subjects.