Currently, many efforts have been done towards secure data privacy protection and reliable information trace, however the conventional solutions are still vulnerable to information loss, privacy leakage and other attacks till the blockchain technology emerged. Blockchain can record historical data by establishing a collectively maintained and tamper-resistant public ledger to ensure the security and reliability of the data stored in a distributed network. It realizes a decentralized network architecture, which can bring new solutions to many fields such as information tracing and privacy protection. In recent years, blockchain technology has gradually attracted the close attention of all industries, and this paper summarizes the existing blockchain-based systems and applications. We mainly review the applications of blockchain traceability technology in various fields, the blockchain decentralized applications, and other blockchain applications in data security protection, respectively. This work may bring new opportunities and challenges for the development of various industries in the future.

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Blockchain-based Systems and Applications: A Survey

In this paper, we provide a holistic survey of multimedia content protection applications in which blockchain technology is being used. A taxonomy is developed to classify these applications with reference to the technical aspects of blockchain technology, content protection techniques, namely, encryption, digital rights management, digital watermarking and fingerprinting (or transaction tracking), and performance criteria. The study of the literature reveals that there is currently no complete and systematic taxonomy dedicated to blockchain-based copyright protection applications. Moreover, the number of successfully developed blockchain-based content protection systems is very low. This points towards a research gap. To fill this gap, we propose a taxonomy that integrates technical aspects and application knowledge and can guide the researchers towards the development of blockchain-based multimedia copyright protection systems. Furthermore, the paper discusses some technical challenges and outlines future research directions.

Blockchain-Based Multimedia Content Protection: Review and Open Challenges

Secure updating and sharing for large amounts of healthcare information (such as medical data on coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) in efficient and secure transmission are important but challenging in communication channels amongst hospitals. In particular, in addressing the above challenges, two issues are faced, namely, those related to confidentiality and integrity of their health data and to network failure that may cause concerns about data availability. To the authors' knowledge, no study provides secure updating and sharing solution for large amounts of healthcare information in communication channels amongst hospitals. Therefore, this study proposes and discusses a novel steganography-based blockchain method in the spatial domain as a solution. The novelty of the proposed method is the removal and addition of new particles in the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm. In addition, hash function can hide secret medical COVID-19 data in hospital databases whilst providing confidentiality with high embedding capacity and high image quality. Moreover, stego images with hash data and blockchain technology are used in updating and sharing medical COVID-19 data between hospitals in the network to improve the level of confidentiality and protect the integrity of medical COVID-19 data in grey-scale images, achieve data availability if any connection failure occurs in a single point of the network and eliminate the central point (third party) in the network during transmission. The proposed method is discussed in three stages. Firstly, the pre-hiding stage estimates the embedding capacity of each host image. Secondly, the secret COVID-19 data hiding stage uses PSO algorithm and hash function. Thirdly, the transmission stage transfers the stego images based on blockchain technology and updates all nodes (hospitals) in the network. As proof of concept for the case study, the authors adopted the latest COVID-19 research published in the Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine journal, which presents a rescue framework within hospitals for the storage and transfusion of the best convalescent plasma to the most critical patients with COVID-19 on the basis of biological requirements. The validation and evaluation of the proposed method are discussed.

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PSO-Blockchain-based image steganography: towards a new method to secure updating and sharing COVID-19 data in decentralised hospitals intelligence architecture.

Blockchain-enabled deep semantic video-to-video summarization for IoT devices

Digital assets can be easily copied and it is hard to prove intellectual property rights. The authors of intellectual work, including software developers, often do not receive appropriate remuneration for their work. At the same time, it is also not always easy for the users to examine the way the product has been developed and the quality of the product. The aim of this work is to develop a software transfer model based on the blockchain technology. This research is based on the analysis of research literature with an aim to assess profoundly the opportunities and prospects for the use of blockchain, a method of analysing individual components and a synthesis method that connects its elements and relations in a uniform system.

Blockchain-Based Model for Software Licensing

The protection of secret data based on data hiding technique provides the basic security services for digital video through network transmission. However, the video with secret data is stored with centralized storage, which is vulnerable from external centralized attacks, such as the loss and tampering of the digital video. The protection of copyright and privacy data for digital video is still open issues. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based data hiding method for data protection in digital video. To improve the integrity certification of secret data and the video, we combined the blockchain and data hiding techniques by adding the hash value to the block with a traceable hash value record; to improve the protection level of privacy data such as copyright related to digital video, we designed a DCT-based data hiding scheme which interact with the blockchain record, where the external chain is utilized as the controller for the privacy data into carrier video. Similar to Bitcoin, This system removes the need for a trusted third party, enabling autonomous control of privacy data.

Jiaxuan Li

Papers

A Blockchain-Based Data Hiding Method for Data Protection in Digital Video.