As a communications system, the network of journals that play a paramount role in the exchange of scientific and technical information is little understood Periodically since 1927, when Gross and Gross published their study (1) of references in 1 year’s issues of the Journal of the American Chemical Socie/y, pieces of the network have been illuminated by the work of Bradford (2), Allen (3), Gross and Woodford (4), Hooker (5), Henkle (6), Fussier (7), Brown (8), and others (9) Nevertheless, there is still no map of the journal network as a whok To date, studies of the network and of the interrelation of its components have been limited in the number of journak, the areas of scientific study, and the periods of time their authors were able to consider, Such shortcomings have not been due to any lack of purpose, insight, or energy on the part of investigators, but to the practical difficulty of compiling and manipulating manually the enormous amount of necessary data A solution to this problem of data is available in the data base used to produce the Science Citation Index ( SCI ) (10) The coverage of the SCI is international and multidisciplinary; it has grown from 600 journals in 1964 to 2400 journals in 1972, and now includes the world’s most important scientific and technical journals in mow disciplines The SCI is published quarterly and is cumulated annually and quinquennially, but the data base from which the volumes are compiled is maintained on magnetic tape and is updated weekly At the end of 1971, this data base contained more than 27 mi[tion references to about 10 million different published items These references appeared over the past decade in the footnotes and bibliographies of more than 2 million journal articles, communications, letters, and so on The data base is, thus, not only multidisciplinary, it covers a substantial period of time and, being in machine-readable form, is amenable to extensive manipulation by computer In 1971, the Institute for Scientfic Information (1S1) decided to undertake a systematic analysis of journal citation patterns across the whole of science and technology It began by extracting from the data base all references pobIished during the last quarter of 1969 in the 2200 journals then covered by the SCL The resultant sample was about 1 million citations of journals, books, reports, theses, and so forth To test whether this 3-month sample was representative of the year as a whole, it was matched against another sample made by selecting every 27th reference from the approximately 4 million references collected over the entire year The two samples were similar enough in scope (number of diflerent items cited) and detail (relative frequency of their citation by different journals) to

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Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation.

Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism

Gifts and exchanges

The dramatic advances in DNA technology over the last few years are the stuff of science fiction. It is now not only possible to clone human beings it is happening. For the first time since the creation of the earth four billion years ago, or the emergence of mankind 10 million years ago, people will be able to choose their children's' sex, height, colour, personality traits and intelligence. It will even be possible to create 'superhumans' by mixing human genes with those of other animals for extra strength or longevity. But is this desirable? What are the moral and political consequences? Will it mean anything to talk about 'human nature' any more? Is this the end of human beings? Post Human Society is a passionate analysis of the greatest political and moral problem ever to face the human race.

The Problem with NatureOur Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution

This is an account of the largest on-the-scene study of U.S. schools ever undertaken. Called A Study of Schooling' and carried on over 4 years, trained investigators went into more than 1,000 classrooms in 38 elementary and secondary schools in seven different sections of the United States. These schools were located in urban, rural, and suburban areas. The investigators talked to teachers, students, administrators, school board officials, parents, and other members of the community. The result is this landmark report, written by one of the country's most astute and experienced educators. His message is one of cautious optimism, despite the extensive problems uncovered, and he provides a realistic agenda for improvement. This report will be a rich and stimulating resource for all those concerned with the education of our youth.

The Schools We Deserve@@@A Place Called School: Prospects for the Future

In 1970, the state of Hawaii organized a landmark project to garner public input on possibilities for the futures, called Hawaii 2000—a year-long, cross-island endeavor that utilized then-cutting edge communication technologies and a range of tools for engaging various stakeholders. As Chaplin explains, “A Commission on the Year 2000 for Hawaii, involving not only academics and professionals, but also the young for whom the twenty-first century will exist, could help us focus on where we want to go and how to get there” [5, pp. 3–4]. As Dator et al. recount:

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Alternative Futures at the Manoa School

Introduction by Jim Dator Overviews and Histories Making People Responsible by Wendell Bell A Sociologist's Experience by Eleonora Barbieri Masini The Future as a Sociocultural Problem by Reed D Riner Past and Future by W Warren Wager Uncertainty and Creativity by Immanuel Wallerstein Futures Studies as a Discipline by Richard A Slaughter Explaining and Defining Pedagogy, Culture, and Futures Studies by Sohail Inayatullah Explaining the Past and Predicting the Future by Peter T Manicas Social Change and Futures Practice by Peter Bishop Permanent Development of Futures Research Methodology by Erzebet Novaky The Transformation of Futures Research in Hungary by Eva Hideg Politics + Science = Futures Studies? by Mika Mannermaa Teaching Futures Studies at the University Level by Jan Huston Future-Oriented Complexity and Adaptive Studies by Kaoru Yamaguchi Courses and Methods Futures Studies in Pakistan: The PFI by Ikram Azam A Generation of Futures Studies in Taiwan by Kuo-Hua Chen Teaching Futures-Seeking Policy in Finland by Markku Sotarauta A Journey to the Future in the UK by Graham H May Global Issues and Futures for Planners by Sam Cole Planet Eaters or Star Makers? by Christopher Burr Jones The Challenge of Teaching Futures Studies by Jordi Serra del Pino Giving Images a Chance by Anita Rubin Consulting and Teaching Through the World Wide Web by Paul Wildman Postmodern Education: A Futures Perspective by David Hicks Visionary Futures by Oliver W Markley Concerns and Issues Producing a Better World by Ian Lowe Co-Creating a Futures Studies Course with Unionists by Arthur Shostak Educating the Economic Strategist by Ernest Sternberg Prophets of a High-Tech Age by William E Halal Index

Advancing Futures: Futures Studies in Higher Education

Since futures studies has been a worldwide serious academic and consulting activity for more than 30 years, why have people never heard of it—or at least why do they know so little about it? The author briefly outlines his own teaching and consulting experiences in futures studies since 1967 and then introduces each of the 25 authors whose essays follow in this special issue.

Introduction: The Future Lies Behind! Thirty Years of Teaching Futures Studies

A familiar perspective on social change suggests that over the past several thousand years, human settlements have changed in size and complexity from hunting and gathering, to agricultural, to industrial, and most recently to information societies. Some theorists have recently suggested that the world may be moving into dream societies of icons and aesthetic experience. Evidence is presented here that indicates that South Korea may be leading the transition as it implements policies to base their economy on popular culture, perhaps eventually replacing ”Gross National Product” as a measure of socioeconomic success with ”Gross National Cool”.

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Korea as the Wave of a Future: The Emerging Dream Society of Icons and Aesthetic Experience

Purpose – To review what “quality” meant to universities historically and might mean in the future.Design/methodology/approach – Written as a keynote talk for The Australian Universities Quality Forum 2004, this paper problematizes “universities” and “quality” by reviewing the way changing communication modalities have changed the meaning of the two terms over time.Findings – After reviewing some of the literature forecasting alternative futures of universities, the paper settles on a preferred future in which all education, higher and lower, is driven by the logic, best practices, and evolving technologies of electronic games.Research limitations/implications – The paper reveals that researchers who compare word‐based educational systems with electronic, interactive sound‐and‐image‐based systems should use measures appropriate for the latter, rather than derived from the former.Practical implications – The paper shows that educators should take interactive electronic game methods more seriously in thinki...

Jim Dator

Papers

Alternative Futures at the Manoa School

Advancing Futures: Futures Studies in Higher Education

Introduction: The Future Lies Behind! Thirty Years of Teaching Futures Studies

Korea as the Wave of a Future: The Emerging Dream Society of Icons and Aesthetic Experience

Universities without “quality” and quality without “universities”