Polypyrrole and its composites were prepared chemically using FeCl3 as an oxidant in aqueous and non-aqueous media. The effect of various solutions such as water, ethylacetate, acetonitrile, methylacetate, methanol, ethylmethylketone and surface active agents, poly (ethylene glycol) and poly (vinyl acetate) on the properties of pro duct were studied. The electrically conducting polymer and its composites have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the morphology, conductivity and structure of products are dependent on the type of solution and additive.

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Studying the Characteristics of Polypyrrole and its Composites

PPy was synthesised by oxidative chemical polymerisation using xylan, CMC and NFC as additives. Conducting nanocomposite films were cast from aqueous slurries using doped PPy particles, CMC and NFC as the conducting and reinforcing phase, respectively. NFC-based composites had higher conductivity and lower mechanical properties than CMC-based homologues. SEM analysis showed that in PPy/NFC composites, PPy and NFC were arranged in two entangled networks, whereas, in PPy/NFC composites, CMC formed a continuous matrix around PPy particles, thus limiting conductivity. Mechanical properties of nanocomposite films were interpreted as reflecting the presence of different structures when using NFC or CMC as reinforcing phase.

Highly Conducting Polypyrrole/Cellulose Nanocomposite Films with Enhanced Mechanical Properties

A new type of synthetic pathway—the use of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs)—is proposed to design conducting polymer-based actuators Two types of materials with interesting conducting properties were prepared: (1) a semi-IPN between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and branched poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) network; (2) a tricomponent IPN between PEDOT and a PEO/polycarbonate (PC)–based network as the ionic conducting partner In the first case, the influence of the amount of branching in the PEO network on the EDOT uptake and electrochemical properties was studied A maximum conductivity (15 S cm−1) was obtained for 60 wt % branched PEO in the material Moreover, the dispersion profile of PEDOT in the material was shown by elemental analysis and energy dispersion spectroscopy to follow a gradient through the thickness of the film leading to a built-in three-layered device With respect to PEO/PC materials, the best results were obtained for about 80 wt % PEO in the matrix where the material remains sufficiently elastomeric In this case, the conductivity reaches about 1 S cm−1 for a 10 to 30 wt % polycarbonate content These materials are capable of reversible 45° angular deflections under a 05V potential difference © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3569–3577, 2003

Feasibility of conducting semi‐interpenetrating networks based on a poly(ethylene oxide) network and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) in actuator design

Polypyrrole and cellulose nanofiber based composite films with improved physical and electrical properties for electromagnetic shielding applications.

Silica/polypyrrole (PPY) core/shell microspheres and PPY hollow microspheres were prepared by the template of silica particles whose surface character was modified with different modified agents. The morphology and structure of the particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to characterize the structure of PPY hollow microspheres. We investigated the effect of different modified agents on the surface character of silica particles and the effect of surface character of silica particles on the morphology of PPY hollow microspheres. The effect of reaction conditions on the size of core/shell particles and hollow particles was also studied.

Preparation of uniform silica/polypyrrole core/shell microspheres and polypyrrole hollow microspheres by the template of modified silica particles using different modified agents

Polypyrrole/crosslinked cellulose conductive composite films were prepared by vapor-phase polymerization of pyrrole on the silicon crosslinked cellulose network using anhydrous ferric chloride as oxidant. The properties of the composite film depend on their synthetic conditions such as the amount of ferric chloride and tetraethyl orthosilicate crosslinker, the reaction time, the solvent, etc. Interestingly, it was found that the conductivity was strongly affected by the nature of the solvents and their amount in pyrrole solution. When the weight ratio of methanol/pyrrole is 1 : 1, the conductivity was as high as 1.1 S/cm, increased by two orders of magnitude compared to that without solvent, and the mechanical properties was good. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1368–1373, 2001

Jingpin Wu

Papers

Conducting composite film based on polypyrrole and crosslinked cellulose

Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Epoxy-amine Networks by Introducing Dynamic Covalent Bonds