VOLUME I Introduction The Incentive Physical-Chemical Properties Experimental Methods Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSPRs) Mass Balance Models of Chemical Fate Data Sources and Presentation Illustrative QSPR Plots and Fate Calculations References Aliphatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables and QSPR plots References Mononuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables and QSPR plots References Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Related Aromatic Hydrocarbons Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables and QSPR plots References VOLUME II * Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Chlorobenzenes and Other Halogenated Mononuclear Aromatics Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Chlorinated Dibenzop-dioxins Chlorinated Dibenzofurans VOLUME III * Ethers Alcohols Aldehydes and Ketones Carboxylic Acids Phenolic Compounds Esters VOLUME IV Nitrogen and Sulfur Compounds Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References Herbicides Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References Insecticides Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References Fungicides Lists of Chemicals and Data Compilations Summary Tables References APPENDICES List of Symbols and Abbreviations Alphabetical Index CAS Registry Index Molecular Formula Index * Each chapter contains lists of chemicals and data compilations, summary tables, QSPR plots, and references

Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals

This work presents the vapor−liquid equilibrium and the liquid−liquid equilibrium phase behavior and associated thermodynamic properties of water with three ionic liquids:  1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]), and 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8mim][BF4]). Although water stable, these compounds are hygroscopic, so the uptake of water vapor is an important issue. Due to the negligible volatility of ionic liquids, we were able to measure vapor−liquid equilibrium using a gravimetric microbalance, which was designed to measure adsorption on solids. The Henry's law constants range from 0.033 to 0.45 bar, with infinite dilution activity coefficients ranging from slight positive deviations from Raoult's law to as high as 8.62. The enthalpies and entropies of absorption are similar to those for the absorption of water into alcohols. In addition, we present water/ionic liquid liquid−liquid equilibria,...

/pdf/solution-thermodynamics-of-imidazolium-based-ionic-liquids-34ecfpokop.pdf

Solution Thermodynamics of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids and Water

Measurements have been made of the solvation forces between mica surfaces in the even‐numbered n‐alkanes from hexane to hexadecane. In all cases the force law is qualitatively very similar, characterized by a decaying oscillatory function of distance, as occurs for simple isotropic liquids. The spacing between successive minima in the force does not increase with carbon number, and is comparable to the width of a linear alkane molecule rather than its length or any average diameter. This suggests that the alkanes have some tendency towards a parallel orientation near the mica surfaces. The measurements give no indication of any strong repulsive component expected from mean‐field theories of higher alkanes or polymers. The results of one such theory are presented, and the reasons for its failure to match the experimental data are discussed.

https://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30041429/horn-structuringinliquid-1987.pdf

Structuring in liquid alkanes between solid surfaces: Force measurements and mean‐field theory

A review of the nature and properties of chemicals present in pulp mill effluents

Forces between molecularly smooth mica surfaces immersed in tetrachloromethane, benzene, and 2,2,4‐trimethylpentane have been measured. In tetrachloromethane and benzene the force law is an oscillatory function of the separation between the mica surfaces, with a periodicity equal to the mean molecular diameter and a measurable range of appoximately ten periods, or about 5 nm. Beyond this separation, the oscillations merge into a purely attractive ‘‘tail’’. In 2,2,4‐trimethylpentane the force law shows only short‐range oscillatory behavior, below 2 nm; at larger separations the force is everywhere attractive. The results are compared with measurements on cyclohexane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and n‐octane, including some repeat measurements. When the distance scale is normalized by the mean periodicity of the force curve for each liquid, the results for the four fairly rigid molecules benzene, tetrachloromethane, cyclohexane, and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane are very similar; minor differences possibly being due to varying trace amounts of water in the liquids. In the above systems the force laws are oscillatory functions of the surface separation, with a periodicity roughly equal to the molecular diameter and a measurable range of about ten periods. The peak‐to‐peak amplitude shows an essentially exponential decay. By contrast, the existence of free intramolecular rotation in the two flexible molecules 2,2,4‐trimethylpentane and n‐octane is sufficient to reduce the range of the solvation forces to 2 nm or less. The results indicate that the amount of liquid structuring for inert liquids depends mainly on the internal rigidity of the molecules, while the effect of molecular shape, size, and temeperature is of secondary importance.

Experimental measurements of solvation forces in nonpolar liquids

Mutual solubilities of 14 paraffinic and 6 aromatic hydrocarbons and water were determined experimentally at 0 and 25 °C. The solubilities are generally smaller at 0 than at 25 °C except the solubi...

Jiri Polak

Papers

Mutual Solubilities of Hydrocarbons and Water at 0 and 25 °C