An overvoltage protection element with a housing, an overvoltage-limiting component arranged in the housing, and with two connection elements for electrically connecting the overvoltage protection element to the current or signal path to be protected, wherein, normally, the connection elements are each in electrically conductive contact with a pole of the overvoltage-limiting component. Reliable and effective electrical connection in the normal state and reliable isolation of a defective overvoltage-limiting component are ensured by the fact that a thermally expandable material is arranged within the housing in a way that, in the event of thermal overloading of the overvoltage-limiting component, the position of the overvoltage-limiting component is changed by expansion of the thermally expandable material relative to the position of the connection elements in a way that causes at least one pole of the overvoltage-limiting component to be out of electrically conductive contact with the corresponding connection element.

Overvoltage protection element

An electrical machine having stator (30) and rotor (31) is disclosed. The motor has field windings (F) and armature windings (A) energized by a suitable power electronic controller (401). A controller (400) sends signals to the power electronic controller (401) to control the armature current to control operation of the machine. When the machine is operating as a motor, the armature windings (A) will be supplied with electrical current from the power electronic controller by the application of applied voltage in synchronism with the rotation of the rotor (31). A mutually induced first electrical signal dependent on rotational position of the rotor will be induced within the field windings (F). This will create a superimposed gradient in the field current delivered by the power electronic controller (401). The mutually induced first electrical signal can be extracted from the field current by block (402) which may be a differentiator circuit or may be a coil coupled to the magnetic field around the field current conductor. A signal conditioning circuit (403) is provided which may contain a filter circuit. Block (404) creates a reference voltage for the comparator (405). The reference voltage can be zero such that the comparator (405) determines the polarity of the mutually induced first electrical signal. The output from the comparator is a digital signal indicating if the mutually induced first electrical signal is less than or greater than the threshold applied by block (404). This comparator output, a second electrical signal, represents the rotational position of the rotor relative to the stator and is supplied to the controller (400) to maintain synchronism between the armature excitation and the rotor position.

Control of an electrical reluctance machine

A transient voltage surge suppression device includes a varistor assembly having a compact thickness, and two different disconnect elements responsive to distinct overvoltage conditions to disconnect a varistor assembly prior catastrophic failure thereof.

Compact transient voltage surge suppression device

An electronic circuit includes a first signal line that extends along a first direction, a spark gap device that has a first conductive trace and a second conductive trace, the first conductive trace being connected to the first signal line. The first and second conductive traces are spaced apart to define a spark gap, the first and second conductive traces being aligned along the first direction to direct an electrostatic discharge along the first direction from the first signal line through the spark gap to a ground reference electrically coupled to the second conductive trace. A second signal line is connected to the first conductive trace or to the first signal line in a vicinity of the first conductive trace, the second signal line extending along a second direction at an angle relative to the first direction.

Spark gaps for esd protection

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Uberspannungsschutzeinrichtung auf Funkenstreckenbasis,
insbesondere fur Niederspannungs-Anwendungen, umfassend mindestens
zwei in einem druckdichten Gehause befindliche Hauptelektroden sowie
mindestens eine Zundhilfselektrode, wobei im Gehausevolumen eine
Funktionsbaugruppe zum Reduzieren der Ansprechspannung der Funkenstrecke
untergebracht ist, welche mit einer der Hauptelektroden und der Zundhilfselektrode
in Verbindung steht Erfindungsgemas besteht die Funktionsbaugruppe
zum Reduzieren der Ansprechspannung der Funkenstrecke aus
einer vollstandig in das druckdichte Gehause integrierten, auserhalb des
Lichtbogen-Brennraums befindlichen Reihenschaltung eines spannungsschaltenden
Elements, einer Impedanz und einer Trennstrecke, wobei die Trennstrecke
durch den Abstand der Zundhilfselektrode zur nachstliegenden Hauptelektrode
gebildet ist Beim Auftreten einer Uberspannung, welche die Summe
der Ansprechspannungen des Schaltelements und der Trennstrecke ubersteigt,
fliest ein Strom von der ersten Hauptelektrode zur zweiten Hauptelektrode,
mit der Folge, dass der die Trennstrecke uberbruckende Lichtbogen
Ladungstrager zur sofortigen Ionisation der Trennstrecke zwischen
den Hauptelektroden bereitstellt, wodurch die Spannungsfestigkeit dieser
Trennstrecke verringert ist und aufgrund des mit der Stromstarke steigenden
Spannungsabfalls an der Impedanz ein Uberschreiten der reduzierten Spannungsfestigkeit
der Trennstrecke zwischen den Hauptelektroden eintritt, wodurch
das gewunschte Zunden der Funkenstrecke erfolgt

Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung auf Funkenstreckenbasis, umfassend mindestens zwei in einem druckdichten Gehäuse befindliche Hauptelektroden

An overvoltage protection system with an overvoltage protection element (1) and an ignition aid which triggers the overvoltage protection element (1), the overvoltage protection element (1) having two main electrodes (2, 3) and an air-breakdown spark gap (4) which acts between the main electrodes (2, 3). An overvoltage protection system having a relatively small and also largely constant operating voltage is implemented by there being an ignition circuit (5) with an ignition voltage output (6) as the ignition aid, the overvoltage protection element (1) having an ignition spark gap (7) which acts between the main electrodes (2, 3) with at least one ignition electrode (8) and the ignition electrode (8) being connected to the ignition voltage output (6) of the ignition circuit (5).

Overvoltage protection system and overvoltage protection element for an overvoltage protection system

The invention relates to an overvoltage protection device for protecting electrical low-voltage installations, which device comprises a lower device part (2) and at least one upper device part (3), wherein the lower device part (2) has input and output terminals (4, 5) for the electrical conductors to be connected and also has contact elements (6, 7) designed in particular as sockets and connected to the input and output terminals (4, 5), and wherein the upper device part (3) has at least one overvoltage protection element (8, 9). A wide variety of models of the overvoltage protection device (1) can be achieved with a small number of different components and a neutral-impedance plugging in and withdrawal of the upper device part (3) by the additional provision of an intermediate device part (10) which at one end can be fitted onto the lower device part (2) and onto the other end of which the upper device part (3) can be fitted. The intermediate device part (10) has mating contact elements (11, 12) corresponding to the contact elements (6, 7) of the lower device part (2) and also has contact elements (13, 14) connected to the mating contact elements (11, 12). The intermediate part (10) has at least one longitudinal element (15) connected between two mating contact elements (11, 12), and the upper device part (3) has mating contact elements (16, 17) corresponding to the contact elements (13, 14) of the intermediate device part (10).

Overvoltage protection device

An electric arc combustion chamber (EACC) fits inside a casing (2) between first (3) and second (4) electrodes. An air blow-out discharger (ABOD) is active between the electrodes. An electric arc (8) occurs between the electrodes when the ABOD ignites. An ignition aid has an ignition element (9) that maintains contact with the EACC and the electrodes on each side.

Excess voltage protection device for low-voltage networks has a casing, electrodes, an electric arc combustion chamber and an ignition aid

The system has an overvoltage protection element (1) with a triggering ignition aid, whereby the overvoltage protection element has two main electrodes with an air breakdown spark path between them. The ignition aid is an ignition circuit with an ignition voltage output. The overvoltage protection element has an ignition spark gap between the main electrodes at least one ignition electrode (8), which is connected to the ignition voltage output of the ignition circuit.

Overvoltage protection system

An overload protection device is disclosed, comprising a first electrode (1), a second electrode (2) and an air-breakdown discharge gap (3), existing or acting between the both electrodes (1,2), whereby on igniting the air-breakdown discharge gap (3) an arc occurs between the both electrodes (1,2). According to the invention, an overload protection device is provided in a particularly simple manner with a particularly simple-action discharge aid, whereby, between the both electrodes (1,2) a voltage switching element (4) and a discharge element (5) are provided in a series circuit.

Joachim Wosgien

Papers

Overvoltage protection system and overvoltage protection element for an overvoltage protection system

Overvoltage protection device

Excess voltage protection device for low-voltage networks has a casing, electrodes, an electric arc combustion chamber and an ignition aid

Overvoltage protection system

Overload protection device