Men and Women of the Corporation

《Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｌｅａｒｎｅｒ’ｓ Ｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｒｙ ｏｆ Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ》（ 以下简称ＯＡＬＤ） 是英语学习词典的先驱。它是第一部既重视词语释义，又重视词法、句法，配有大量例证的词典。我国英语学习者对其第二、三、四版（ 英汉双解版） 都十分熟悉。１９９５ 年，ＯＡＬＤ 第五次修订再版，又有了新的特色，但仍有不足

评《Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English》第五版

Nursing Research—Principles and Methods

(OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.67), respiratory failure (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.27‐0.59), and cardiac arrest (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.84) in ICUs, with a lower risk of failure to rescue (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.90) in surgical patients. Length of stay was shorter by 24% in ICUs (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62‐0.94) and by 31% in surgical patients (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.86). Conclusions: Studies with different design show associations between increased RN staffing and lower odds of hospital related mortality and adverse patient events. Patient and hospital characteristics, including hospitals’ commitment to quality of medical care, likely contribute to the actual causal pathway.

http://www.safestaffing.org.uk/shared/cms/file.asp?e=35&i=187801

The association of registered nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: A systematic review

Objective To test a theoretical model linking nurses' perceptions of workplace empowerment, magnet hospital characteristics, and job satisfaction in 3 independent studies of nurses in different work settings. Background Strategies proposed in Kanter's structural empowerment theory have the potential to result in work environments that are described in terms of magnet hospital characteristics. Identifying factors that contribute to work conditions that attract and retain highly qualified committed nurses, such as those found in magnet hospitals, that can be put in place by nursing administrators is extremely important for work redesign to promote professional nursing practice. Methods Secondary analyses of data from 3 studies were conducted--2 of staff nurses and 1 with acute care nurse practitioners working in Ontario, Canada. The Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II, the NWI-R, and measures of job satisfaction were used to measure the major study variables.RESULTS The results of all 3 studies support the hypothesized relationships between structural empowerment and the magnet hospital characteristics of autonomy, control over practice environment, and positive nurse-physician relationships. The combination of access to empowering work conditions and magnet hospital characteristics was significantly predictive of nurses' satisfaction with their jobs. Conclusions/implications These findings suggest that nursing leaders' efforts to create empowering work environments can influence nurses' ability to practice in a professional manner, ensuring excellent patient care quality and positive organizational outcomes.

Workplace empowerment and magnet hospital characteristics: making the link.

New Developments in Performance Management

Objective:The purpose of this study is to test a theoretical model linking nurse managers' perceptions of the quality of the relationship with their supervisors, and empowerment to job satisfaction, and to examine the effect of a personal dispositional variable, core self-evaluation, on the relation

The impact of leader-member exchange quality, empowerment, and core self-evaluation on nurse manager's job satisfaction.

Patient satisfaction with nursing care quality is an important indicator of the quality of care provided in hospitals. This study tested a newly developed patient-centered measure of patient satisfaction with nursing care quality within a random sample of 14 hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Results of this study revealed that the newly developed instrument had excellent psychometric properties. Total scores on satisfaction with nursing care were strongly related to overall satisfaction with the quality of care received during hospitalization. The results of this study yielded actionable, patient-focused results that can be used by managers to address areas requiring improvement.

A psychometric analysis of the patient satisfaction with nursing care quality questionnaire: an actionable approach to measuring patient satisfaction.

Aim. The aim of this paper is to examine the concept of conflict in nursing work environments using the evolutionary approach to concept analysis.

Background.  In nursing work environments, conflict among nurses is becoming a significant issue resulting in job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, and turnover. Although discussed frequently in the nursing literature, nursing research has focused predominantly on conflict management without first understanding the elements, causes and effects of conflict.

Methods.  A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Proquest, PsychINFO, Social Sciences Index and MEDLINE databases and the keywords conflict and work environment. Articles over the last 25 years from each of these databases were examined to identify major themes, areas of agreement and disagreement across disciplines, changes in the concept over time, and emerging trends.

Findings.  Conflict is a multidimensional construct with both detrimental and beneficial effects. Most definitions agree that conflict is a process involving two or more people, where a person perceives the opposition of the other. Antecedents stem from individual characteristics, interpersonal factors, and organizational factors. Individual effects, interpersonal relationships, and organizational effects are the main consequences of conflict. A theoretical model of the antecedents and consequences is presented, with implications for further development.

Conclusions.  A more thorough understanding of the sources and outcomes of conflict within nursing work environments would enable the prevention of conflict. If properly understood and managed, conflict can also lead to positive outcomes for nurses and healthcare organizations.

Joan Almost

Papers

Workplace empowerment and magnet hospital characteristics: making the link.

New Developments in Performance Management

The impact of leader-member exchange quality, empowerment, and core self-evaluation on nurse manager's job satisfaction.

A psychometric analysis of the patient satisfaction with nursing care quality questionnaire: an actionable approach to measuring patient satisfaction.

Conflict within nursing work environments: concept analysis